As estrogen levels decline during menopause, the cel layers that line out vagina become thinner more sesitive to irriration due to PH levels increases from 4.0 to 6. leading to low levels of bacteria lactcobaccili that make it more volnerable to infection. Women who are in the stage of menspause are experience vaginal dryness as the result from above.
Natural Menopause Relief Secrets
How To Control Raging Hormones, Extinguish
Hot Flashes & Finally Enjoy Undisturbed Sleep.
Symptoms
1. Itching
As a result of bacteria infection or vaginal dryness
2. Painful sexual intercourse
As a result of dimishing of vaginal muscus due low levels of estrogen
3. Incontinence
Most women in menopause are experience urinary leaking as a result of low levls of estrogen that affect the vaginal muscle and bladder muscle.
4. Infection
As the PH levels increase, women in menopause are at risk of developing yeast and urinary track infections
5. Etc.
Causes
As the ovaries no longer response to the FSH in producing hormone estrogen of which is resposible for moisturing and protecting the vagina against bacteria invasion as well as provide the best environent for conception by producing certain muscus depending to stages of menstrual cycle.
Treatments
A. Diet (Refer to article of post menopause for general diet)
2 foods have responded well in some studies in raising the levels of estrogen, progestreone and testosterone during the stage of menopause
1. Soy
If Chaste tree berry and Dong Quai are considered as queen herns in herbal medicine and TCM respecfully, Soy may be considered as queen foods with the power of raising the levels of steroid hormone of the women body, thus providing relieve of menopause symptoms. In the article of "The Healing Power of Soy's Isoflavones" by Monique N. Gilbert, the author wrote that The North American Menopause Society suggests that soy isoflavones can also be a natural alternative to estrogen replacement therapy for relief of mild menopausal symptoms. They may help offset the drop in estrogen and regulate its fluctuations that occur at menopause. Many women have reported a reduction in their hot flashes and night sweats when they regularly consume soy foods, like tempeh or tofu.
2. Wolfberry
Wolfberry is also known Gou Qi Zi, Genus Lycium, belonging to the family of Solanaceae, native to Southestern Europe and Asia. It has been used in traditional chinese medicine in treating eye diseases as well as menstrual irregularities by raising levels of estrogen and testosterone. According to the TCM dictionary translated and edited by Joe Hing Kowk Chu, a study on 43 healthy senior adults in which each ate 50 grams of qi zi continuously for 10 days (as a therapy period). The blood tests showed that immune indicators IgA, IgG and lymph cell conversion rate were elevated, cAMP increased, cGMP decreased. The ratios of cAMP/cGMP were elevated to healthy levels. Testosterone were elevated.
Therefore, taking Quo Qi can reduce the symptoms of vaginal dryness and increase sexual desire for women in the stage of manopause and post menopause.
Further more. in a study of "Neuroprotective effects of anti-aging oriental medicine Lycium barbarum against b-amyloid peptide neurotoxicity" by Man-Shan Yua, Sarana Ka-Yan Leungd, Sau-Wan Laia, Chi-Ming Ched, Sze-Yong Zeee, Kwok-Fai Soa,b,c, Wai-Hung Yuend, Raymond Chuen-Chung Chang, researcher found that Taken together, our findings suggest that LBA purified from the fruits of L. barbarum exhibit neuroprotective effects against extracellular Ab peptide-induced apoptosis. The neuroprotective mechanism of LBA may depend on the inhibition of the JNK signaling pathway. Future effort will focus on the isolation and the elucidation of the neuroprotective compounds from this extract. In conclusion, extracts from L. barbarum represent a potential neuroprotective agent which deserved to be further explored to
prevent neurodegeneration in AD.
( One stone for 2 birds)
B. In general
1. Lubricants
It is used during sexual intercourse to prevent painful penetration. You doctor will provide you with all information of type of lubricants which are the best for you.
2. Topical cream
It can be purchase over the counter. You local pharmacytical store will help you to choose worked best for you.
3. Etc.
C. Hormone replacement therapy (HRT)
Women who are experience the sevre symptoms of menopause, including vaginal problem may choose HRT to release the symptoms. HRT is synthetic estrogen plus progestin and is available in a wide range of selections including skin patches, gels, skin sprays, subcutaneous implants. The medication have proven to release most of the symptoms of menopause but with series side effects, including cancer. Make sure you understand the benefits and risks of the therapy. According to the WHI study results, long-term combination HRT increases the risk of heart disease, breast cancer, blood clots, and stroke.
D. Herbs Please Refer to menopause article
E. Chinese herbs Please Refer to menopause article
F. Etc.
For other cancers or health articles, please visit
http://medicaladvisorjournals.blogspot.com/
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Tuesday, March 29, 2011
Menstrual Stages- Menopause in Traditional Chinese Medicine Perspective
In conventional medicine, menopause is defined as a condition in which a woman is in the transition stage of permanent cessation of the ovaries functions in egg production because of less production of estrogen and progesterone. In TCM, menopause is defined as a condition of a natural process of slows down the aging by retaining the body’s kidney energy, to avoid the depletion of the women kidney essence that can lead to death. Statistically, only 10% of Asian women experience noticeable menopausal symptoms, compared with 75% of the women in the United States.
Symptoms
More or less the symptoms of are the same as in conventional medicine.
1. Hot flash
2. Anxiety and depression
3. Vagina dryness
4. Sweating
5. Irregular period
6. Sore breast
7. Sleep disturbance
8. Nervousness
9. Fatigue
10. Dizziness
11. Joint pain
12. Headache
13. Fast Heart beat
14. Etc.
Treatments
A. Diet
Since the ovaries have in the stage of transition, they are less responded to the production of estrogen and progesterone, intake of foods which contain phytoestrogen and progesterone will be beneficial in releasing the symptoms of menopause without causing side effects. Other than that, due to wear and tear of the internal organs over the years, diet with organic foods to provide extra nutrients to the body and enhance the body organs function is considered absolutely necessary. One must understand that intake of artificial ingredient, alcohol, cold and hot foods are posted more dangerous to the cells and organ as a result of weakened immune system. We are not dying because of aging but diseases. Elder is susceptible to foreigner and bacteria invasion.
1. Whole grain
Whole grain are cereal grains containing cereal germ, endosperm, including Wheat, Oat, Barley, whole wheat, Maize, etc.
2. Fruits
Fruit is a structures of a plant which is containing seeds as the tree grows them for the survival of the species, including squash, pumpkin, cucumber, tomatoes, peas, beans, corn, eggplant, etc.
3. Vegetables
Vegetable is an edible plant contained edible parts, especially leafy or fleshy parts, other than a fruit or seed, including broccoli, cauliflower, globe artichokes , corn, peas, beans, etc.
For more information of healthy foods benefits, please read 100+ Healthy Foods Classification
4. No Artificial ingredients
Artificial ingredients are yin in nature, it is harmful to the depletion of yang energy.
5. Soy
Many women in Asian countries consume 10 times the amount of soy products as their Western counterparts, Tofu and soa products for what ever reson are considered as the wome fravorite foods (and the Asian men hate them). Soy contains high amount of phytoestrogens, plant base estrogen similar to chemical structure to estradiol that has proven to alleviate menopause symptoms.
According to the study of "Effect of high-dose isoflavones on cognition, quality of life, androgens, and lipoprotein in post-menopausal women" by Basaria S, Wisniewski A, Dupree K, Bruno T, Song MY, Yao F, Ojumu A, John M, Dobs, researchers found that women experienced significant reductions in hot flashes and nights sweats, compared to their starting baseline levels, with daily Revival Soy use (just one serving per day). Typical reduction was nearly 40% in just 12 weeks in a study funding in part by Physicians Laboratories. It's that simple and delicious.
6. Moderate exercise
Moderate exercise is important to retain the physical flexibility and avoid qi and stagnation.
7. Less meat
Western medicine has proven that eating more meat can elevate the symptoms of menopause as a result of hormone imbalance.
8. Reduce alcohol drinking
Alcohol drinking may be enhance the function of heart but it can cause reduction of liver function in blood formation.
9. No smoking
Smoking can reduce the lung function in qi absorption and transportation of qi to other organ, that may cause qi deficiency and blood stasis.
10. Reduce sexual activity
Since there is certain amount of kidney essence left in the kidney, any sexual activity will cause further reduction that can lead faster aging.
11. Etc.
In TCM, foods are divided to hot, warm, neutral, cool and cold. Women who are in the stage of menopause are advised to eat foods according to their constitution for maximum benefits and avoid hot and cold foods. You Chinese medicine practitioner will provide you with more information about foods that benefit you most.
B. Menopausal symptoms treatment
Zhi Bai Di Huang Wan, also known as Eight Flavor Rehmannia Teapills, is a Traditional Chinese Medicine whose formula was 1st listed in "Pattern, Cause, Pulse, and Treatment" (Zheng Yin Mai Zhi) by Dr. Qin Jing-Ming in 1702 AD. You can find information of the above formula in the PHARMACOPOEIA OF THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA (English Edition) The English edition of Chinese Pharmacopoeia compiled by the Pharmacopoeia Commission of the Ministry of Public Health, is an official andauthoritative compendium of drugs. It covers almost traditional Chinesemedicines, most of west medicines and preparations, giving information on the standards of purity, description, test, dosage, precaution, storage, and the strength for the drug.
Ingredients
1. Anemarrhena Asphodeloides (Zhi Mu)
Main use; Clears Heat, Disperses Fire, Nourishes Yin, Moistens Dryness.
2. Phellodendron (Huang Bai)
Main use; Clears Heat, Dries Dampness, Disperses Fire, Expels toxins.
3. Rehmannia Glutinosa (Shu Di Huang)
Main use; Nourishes Yin and Blood, Tonifies the Essence, Strengthens the Marrow.
4. Cornus Officinalis(Shan Zhu Yu)
Main use; Tonifies the Liver and Kidneys, Benefits the Liver and Kidneys.
5. Paeonia Suffruticosa (Mu Dan Pi)
Main use; Clears Heat and Blood Stasis, Cools Blood, Clears Fire of Yin Deficiency.
6. Discorea Opposita (Shan Yao)
Main use; Tonifies Qi, Lung, Spleen and Kidneys and Nourishes Yin.
7. Poria Cocos (Fu Ling)
Main use; Eliminates Water, Strengthens the Spleen, Calms the Mind.
8. Alisma Orientale (Ze Xie)
Main use; Eliminates fluid, Clears Heat and Diuretic.
According to the study of The effects of Zhi Bai Di Huang Wan and Jian Pi tang to release the symptoms of menopause by Shun Bin, posted at JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY OF TRADITIONAL CHINESE MEDICINE, researcher found that the formulas have been effectively releasing the symptoms of menopause with great success.
For other health articles, please visit
http://medicaladvisorjournals.blogspot.com/
If you like what you read, please follow me at http://twitter.com/kylejnorton
Symptoms
More or less the symptoms of are the same as in conventional medicine.
1. Hot flash
2. Anxiety and depression
3. Vagina dryness
4. Sweating
5. Irregular period
6. Sore breast
7. Sleep disturbance
8. Nervousness
9. Fatigue
10. Dizziness
11. Joint pain
12. Headache
13. Fast Heart beat
14. Etc.
Treatments
A. Diet
Since the ovaries have in the stage of transition, they are less responded to the production of estrogen and progesterone, intake of foods which contain phytoestrogen and progesterone will be beneficial in releasing the symptoms of menopause without causing side effects. Other than that, due to wear and tear of the internal organs over the years, diet with organic foods to provide extra nutrients to the body and enhance the body organs function is considered absolutely necessary. One must understand that intake of artificial ingredient, alcohol, cold and hot foods are posted more dangerous to the cells and organ as a result of weakened immune system. We are not dying because of aging but diseases. Elder is susceptible to foreigner and bacteria invasion.
1. Whole grain
Whole grain are cereal grains containing cereal germ, endosperm, including Wheat, Oat, Barley, whole wheat, Maize, etc.
2. Fruits
Fruit is a structures of a plant which is containing seeds as the tree grows them for the survival of the species, including squash, pumpkin, cucumber, tomatoes, peas, beans, corn, eggplant, etc.
3. Vegetables
Vegetable is an edible plant contained edible parts, especially leafy or fleshy parts, other than a fruit or seed, including broccoli, cauliflower, globe artichokes , corn, peas, beans, etc.
For more information of healthy foods benefits, please read 100+ Healthy Foods Classification
4. No Artificial ingredients
Artificial ingredients are yin in nature, it is harmful to the depletion of yang energy.
5. Soy
Many women in Asian countries consume 10 times the amount of soy products as their Western counterparts, Tofu and soa products for what ever reson are considered as the wome fravorite foods (and the Asian men hate them). Soy contains high amount of phytoestrogens, plant base estrogen similar to chemical structure to estradiol that has proven to alleviate menopause symptoms.
According to the study of "Effect of high-dose isoflavones on cognition, quality of life, androgens, and lipoprotein in post-menopausal women" by Basaria S, Wisniewski A, Dupree K, Bruno T, Song MY, Yao F, Ojumu A, John M, Dobs, researchers found that women experienced significant reductions in hot flashes and nights sweats, compared to their starting baseline levels, with daily Revival Soy use (just one serving per day). Typical reduction was nearly 40% in just 12 weeks in a study funding in part by Physicians Laboratories. It's that simple and delicious.
6. Moderate exercise
Moderate exercise is important to retain the physical flexibility and avoid qi and stagnation.
7. Less meat
Western medicine has proven that eating more meat can elevate the symptoms of menopause as a result of hormone imbalance.
8. Reduce alcohol drinking
Alcohol drinking may be enhance the function of heart but it can cause reduction of liver function in blood formation.
9. No smoking
Smoking can reduce the lung function in qi absorption and transportation of qi to other organ, that may cause qi deficiency and blood stasis.
10. Reduce sexual activity
Since there is certain amount of kidney essence left in the kidney, any sexual activity will cause further reduction that can lead faster aging.
11. Etc.
In TCM, foods are divided to hot, warm, neutral, cool and cold. Women who are in the stage of menopause are advised to eat foods according to their constitution for maximum benefits and avoid hot and cold foods. You Chinese medicine practitioner will provide you with more information about foods that benefit you most.
B. Menopausal symptoms treatment
Zhi Bai Di Huang Wan, also known as Eight Flavor Rehmannia Teapills, is a Traditional Chinese Medicine whose formula was 1st listed in "Pattern, Cause, Pulse, and Treatment" (Zheng Yin Mai Zhi) by Dr. Qin Jing-Ming in 1702 AD. You can find information of the above formula in the PHARMACOPOEIA OF THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA (English Edition) The English edition of Chinese Pharmacopoeia compiled by the Pharmacopoeia Commission of the Ministry of Public Health, is an official andauthoritative compendium of drugs. It covers almost traditional Chinesemedicines, most of west medicines and preparations, giving information on the standards of purity, description, test, dosage, precaution, storage, and the strength for the drug.
Ingredients
1. Anemarrhena Asphodeloides (Zhi Mu)
Main use; Clears Heat, Disperses Fire, Nourishes Yin, Moistens Dryness.
2. Phellodendron (Huang Bai)
Main use; Clears Heat, Dries Dampness, Disperses Fire, Expels toxins.
3. Rehmannia Glutinosa (Shu Di Huang)
Main use; Nourishes Yin and Blood, Tonifies the Essence, Strengthens the Marrow.
4. Cornus Officinalis(Shan Zhu Yu)
Main use; Tonifies the Liver and Kidneys, Benefits the Liver and Kidneys.
5. Paeonia Suffruticosa (Mu Dan Pi)
Main use; Clears Heat and Blood Stasis, Cools Blood, Clears Fire of Yin Deficiency.
6. Discorea Opposita (Shan Yao)
Main use; Tonifies Qi, Lung, Spleen and Kidneys and Nourishes Yin.
7. Poria Cocos (Fu Ling)
Main use; Eliminates Water, Strengthens the Spleen, Calms the Mind.
8. Alisma Orientale (Ze Xie)
Main use; Eliminates fluid, Clears Heat and Diuretic.
According to the study of The effects of Zhi Bai Di Huang Wan and Jian Pi tang to release the symptoms of menopause by Shun Bin, posted at JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY OF TRADITIONAL CHINESE MEDICINE, researcher found that the formulas have been effectively releasing the symptoms of menopause with great success.
For other health articles, please visit
http://medicaladvisorjournals.blogspot.com/
If you like what you read, please follow me at http://twitter.com/kylejnorton
Menstrual Conditions/Irregularities - Menorrhagia
Menorrhagia is defined as a condition of excessive bleeding in the menstruation phase of the menstrual cycle in the reproductive age of a woman leading to heavy blood loss that can interfere with the woman normal activities, as a result of disruption of normal hormonal regulation of periods or disorders of certain reproductive organs.
Types of menorrhagia
1. Primary menorrhagia
Girls are especially prone to anovulatory cycles in the 2 years after the first menstrual as a result of the immature reproductive organs, which can lead to disturbance of protaglandins production, causing pains and heavy period.
2. Secondary menorrhagia
Secondary menorrhagia is a result of as a result of disruption of normal hormonal regulation of periods or disorders of certain reproductive organs, that lead menstrual cramps and pain and excessive bleeding.
Symptoms
1. Spotting or bleeding between menstrual periods
2. Excessive menstrual bleeding
3. Heavy period
4. Symptoms of anemia (caused by loss of iron in the blood)
5. Constant pain in the lower abdomen during menstrual period
6. Irregular menstrual periods
7. Period with heavy period occurs almost in every period.
8. Blood loss from 30 to 44 milliliters
9. Etc.
Diagnosis
A. Primary menorrhagia
Girl with menorrhagia in the first 2 years of the menstruation may be tested
1. Red blood cell and fatty acid analysis
It is a blood test for cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL, and LDL. Occasionally, a lipoprotein electrophoresis or lipoprotein-a (Lp-a). The high levels of the test result may increase the risk of arachidonic acid cause of menorrhagia.
2. Red blood cells count
The aim of the blood test is to rule the case of amenia.
3. Hormone levels testing (FSH)
the aim of the test to check for hormone follicle stimulating hormone that may lead inovulation cause of heavy menstruation.
4. Serum vitamin levels
The test for certain vitamin levels is to rule out the heavy period is caused by vitamin deficiency.
5. Etc.
B. Secondary menorrhagia
1. Blood count
Test for blood count to rule out the amenia cause of menorrhagia.
2. Basal body temperature
In women, the record of basal body temperature is to rule out the anovulation cause of menorrhagia. Ovulation causes an increase of one-quarter to one-half degree Celsius in basal body temperature (BBT). It is one of self exam method commonly used by women to time of most fertility.
3. Thyroid function
In a study of Menorrhagia and hypothyroidism - Evidence supports association between hypothyroidism and menorrhagia by Andrew D Weeks, specialist registrar in obstetrics and gynaecology, researchers found that All the available evidence supports a causative association between hypothyroidism and excessive menstrual loss. Some of the study methods are weak by modern standards, but in the absence of evidence to the contrary the conclusion must be that hypothyroidism is a correctable cause of menorrhagia.
4. Ultrasound
Ultra sound to examine the pelvic region is to rule out certain types of abnormality cause of menorrhagia such as uterine fibrosis, polyps, ovarian tumors, endometriosis, etc..
5. Blood coagulation test
Abnormal process by which blood forms clots (coagulation) to prevent blood loss during menstruation can lead menorrhagia.
6. Etc.
Causes and Risk factors
A. Primary menorrhagia
1. Age
Girl in their first 2 years of menstruation may be experience the adnominal cramps and pain and heavt period as a result of the immature of the reproductive organs.
2. Increase arachidonic acid in endometrium
High amount of polyunsaturated omega-6 fatty acid may results in overproduction of the family2 series of eicosanoid, elading to thickening of endometrium, dilation of blood vessels.
3. Hormone imbalance that prevent ovulation
Stress, infection, imbalance of neurotransmitter, under weight and accumulated toxic chemical may interfere with production of certain hormone which can disrupt ovulation and case menorrhagia.
3. Vitamin A deficiency
Vitamin A, an antioxidant enhances the body immune system fighting the against the forming of free radicals to protect the normal cell reproduction and against damage. Deficiency of vitamin A is one of the factor for women who were experience heavy menstrual bleeding.
4. Bleeding or platelet disorders
Abnormal process by which blood forms clots (coagulation) to prevent blood loss during menstruation can lead menorrhagia.
5. Excess toxicity
Excessive toxibody may be resulted in heavy period as a result of the body of trying to remove toxins through the blood.
6. Vitamin K deficiency
Vitamin K is blood coagulation. Normally produced by bacteria in the intestine, women with intestine diseases may not produce enough vitamin K to stop the heavy flowing of blood during menstruation.
7. Anemia
Women with the type of anemia having red blood cells breaking down faster than normal people, may also have heavy flowing of blood during menstruation caused by regular blood flow and breaking off of red blood cells thereby, reducing the coagulation function.
8. Stress
Women who cannot adjust to events in life that are stressful, or seem to be stressful in their mind causes hormone imbalance resulting in overproduction of either estrogen or progesterone.
9. Etc.
B. Secondary menorrhagia
1. Age
Women who are at the age of 40 - 50 may be experience abnormal menstrual cramps and pain and heavy than normal period as a result of approaching to the menopause stage.
2. Medical conditions
Women with certain medical conditions, including pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), thyroid problems, endometriosis are at higher risk of menorrhagia.
3. Intrauterine device (IUD)
Uncorrected use of Intrauterine device (IUD) can lead to menorrhagia.
4. Reproductive diseases
Certain reproductive diseases, including Adenomyosis, Dysfunction of the ovaries, Uterine fibroids, etc., may cause hormonal imbalance and result in menorrhagia.
5. Misscariage and etopical pregnancy
Misscariage and etopical pregnancy can lead to heavy bleeding.
6. Vitamin K deficiency
Vitamin K is blood coagulation. Normally produced by bacteria in the intestine, women with intestine diseases may not produce enough vitamin K to stop the heavy flowing of blood during menstruation.
7. Anemia
Women with the type of anemia having red blood cells breaking down faster than normal people, may also have heavy flowing of blood during menstruation caused by regular blood flow and breaking off of red blood cells thereby, reducing the coagulation function.
8. Stress
Women who cannot adjust to events in life that are stressful, or seem to be stressful in their mind causes hormone imbalance resulting in overproduction of either estrogen or progesterone.
9. Etc.
Prevention
For both primary and secondary menorrhagia
A. Diet
1. Lettuce
Flavonoids are plant pigments responsible for the color of flowers, fruits, and sometimes leaves. Study shows that flavonoids supply us with natural, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidants having great effect on menorrhagia excess pain and on the heaviness of the period.
2. Flax seed oil
Flax contains high amounts of omega 3 fatty acid and lignans. It also is a powerful antioxidant. Besides working together with vitamin K in helping the circulation of blood and providing blood clotted vessels, it also helps to reducing pain caused by menorrhagia.
3. Broccoli
Broccoli contains high amounts of iron, and vitamin C and K that not only helps to relief the pain caused by menorrhagia, but also provides iron, the mineral that is needed to prevent heavy blood loss special for women with anemia. Vitamin K also increases blood clotting the damage blood vessels.
4. Kelps
Kelps are large seaweeds. It grows in underwater forests in clear, shallow oceans. It is rich in iodine and alkali that helps to balance hormones caused by thyroid glands resulting in heavy flow of blood during menstruation as well as containing incredibly high trace minerals and vitamins to feed and nourish the endocrine glands.
5. Carrot
Carrots contain high amounts of vitamin A as well as antioxidants, alpha carotene, and beta carotene. Vitamin A is required for normal reproductive function, and development of ovaries and placenta that is vital for women's menstrual cycle. It's antioxidants also help to reduce menstrual pain caused by menorrhagia.
6. Fermented soybeans
Fermented soybeans are made from soybean. It contains large amounts of vitamin K which is involved in the formation of calcium-binding groups in proteins as well as helping blood clots caused by heavy blood flow during menstruation.
7. Etc.
B. Nutritional Supplements
For both primary and secondary menorrhagia
1. Iron
Iron is essential for women suffering from menorrhagia. Since excessive bleeding causes the loss of iron causing iron deficiency, without enough iron our body cannot reproduce red blood cells to replace those lost in bleeding resulting in symptoms of paller, weakness, fatigue as well as increasing the risk of inflammation.
2. Vitamin B complex
Vitamin B complex is a liver tonic vitamin. It helps the liver to convert the bad estrogen, xanooestrogen into weaker and less dangerous forms and converts omega 6 oils into a form that can be used by the body to produce the good type prostaglandins instead of dinoprostone resulting in reduced bleeding during menstruation.
3. Cod liver oil
Cod liver oil contains high amounts of omega 3 fatty acids that control heavy bleeding during periods. Since red meat and dairy products contain arachidonic acid without balancing intake of omega 3 fatty acid, this causes the over production of dinoprostone leading to increased blood flow, and reducing blood-clotting ability.
4. Zinc
Besides having an important role in treating enlarged prostate in men's health, this mineral is vital for the healthy functioning of the reproductive system in women as well as maintaining hormone balancing.
5. Flavonoid
Flavonoid is a powerful antioxidant activity. It helps to protect small blood vessels from damage resulting in protecting against the blood loss of menorrhagia during menstruation.
6.Vitamin A
Vitamin A is an antioxidant. It works together with iron and copper to help enhance the production of red blood cells. Vitamin A deficiency has been found in women with menorrhagia.
7. Vitamin C
Besides being an antioxidant that helps our body to fight against free radicals from building up and help the digestive system's metabolism to reduce menstrual pain, it also helps excessive blood flow during menstruation as a resulting of strengthening small blood vessels known as capillaries.
8. Etc.
Treatments
I. Conventional medicine
A. Primary menorrhagia
A.1.Ethamsylate
In a study of A double-blind trial of ethamsylate in the treatment of primary and intrauterine-device menorrhagia by R F Harrison, S Cambell, researchers found that During ethamsylate treatment the mean menstrual blood-loss was reduced by 50% in patients with primary menorrhagia and by 19% in patients with an I.U.C.D. This difference between the two groups is probably accounted for by the differing values of initial blood-loss which was significantly higher in the group with primary menorrhagia.
A.2. Include those in the secondary menorrhagia with the recommendation of your doctor.
B. Secondary menorrhagia
B.1. Hormone treatments
1. Contraceptive pill
a. Low-dose combination birth control pills which contains low-dose synthetic forms of the hormones estrogen and progesterone may be use to treat amenorrhea by controlling the menstrual cycle or bring the period back.
b. Risks and side effects
b.1. Growth of fibroids
Growth of fibroid is caused high level of estrogen and progesterone. The intake of the pill increase the level of both hormones resulting in increase the risk of growth of fibroid.
b.2. Recurrent of menstrual symptoms
Some women stop taking the pill may see all the menstrual symptoms coming back.
b3. Blood clots
Estrogen in the pill may cause blood clots in the small vessels in the leg and the lung.
b.4. Stroke and heart diseases
Study shows that women who have higher natural estrogen levels may have a higher risk of stroke and heart diseases.
b.5. Depression and mood swing
At the beginning, it may cause abnormal fluctuations in estrogen and progesterone elevate both physical and psychological stress, eventually resulting in both depression and mood swing
b.6. Bleeding and spotting
Bleeding and spotting is normal for the first six months for women who begin with any oral contraceptive combination pill treatment.
b.7. Lost interest in sex
Some women may experience lower sexual desire
b.8. Nutritional deficiency
Oral contraceptive pill causes vitamin and mineral imbalances or deficiencies.
b.9. Etc.
2. Norethisterone (Progesterone only pill)
Norethisterone a progestogen and has been used used treat premenstrual syndrome, painful periods, abnormal heavy bleeding, irregular periods. In a study of A comparative study of danazol and norethisterone in dysfunctional uterine bleeding presenting as menorrhagia M. Bonduelle, J.J. Walker and A.A. Caldert, researcher found that Since this study was undertaken, a report of
objective measurement of blood loss in small groups of patients9 casts further doubt on the
efficacy ofnorethisterone, although it confirms that of danazol. Since norethisterone is very widely used, a detailed assessment of its efficacy and safety in comparison to danazol is overdue. Should such a study confirm the findings discussed here then danazol could usefully be employed as first line therapy in the management of dysfunctional uterine bleeding presenting as menorrhagia.
3. Danazol
Danazol is synthetic steroid ethisterone, a modified testosterone that is used to inhibit ovarian steroidogenesis resulting in decreased secretion of estradiol and may increase androgens. although it is a standard medicine in treating menorrhagia
According the study of Efficacy of vaginal danazol treatment in women with menorrhagia during fertile age by Luisi S, Razzi S, Lazzeri L, Bocchi C, Severi FM, Petraglia F., researchers concluded that vaginal danazol resulted in effective medical treatment in young women with menorrhagia, and, because of a lack of significant adverse effects, it may be proposed as an alternative treatment.
4. Contraceptive coil (Mirena)
a. It is a soft, flexible T-shaped (birth control) device placed inside the uterus by your doctor within 7 days after the start of your period with medication Mirena continuous release over a period of 5 years to prevent pregnancy and reduce symptoms of menorrhagia. According to the study of SAFETY AND EFFICACY OF MIRENA IN MENORRHAGIA : 10 YEARS RESULTS OF VUOKKO-STUDY by R. Hurskainen, researcher suggested The preliminary 10-year results of Vuokko study show that LNG-IUS is a good alternative option to hysterectomy in the treatment of menorrhagia. Although half of the women assigned to the LNG-IUS group eventually underwent hysterectomy, the costs remain significantly lower than in hysterectomy group. The transition from menorrhagia to menopause seems to be well tolerated and associated with a favourable bleeding pattern.
b. Risks and side effects
b.1.Spotting between periods
b.2. Complete absence of menstrual flow
b.3. Decreased bleeding during periods
b.4. Prolonged bleeding during periods
b.5. Breast pain and tenderness
b.6. Etc.
B.2. Non-hormonal treatments
1. Cyklokapron (tranexamic acid )
The medication has been used widely to reduce short-term in people up to 50% with a certain type of bleeding disorder, including menorrhagia.
2. According to the article of Cyklokapron posted in Drug.com
Risks and Side effects of Cyklokapron Injection include
a. In patients with acquired defective color vision, since this prohibits measuring one endpoint that should be followed as a measure of toxicity
b. In patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage. Anecdotal experience indicates that cerebral edema and cerebral infarction may be caused by Cyklokapron in such patients.
c. In patients with active intravascular clotting.
d. In patients with hypersensitivity to tranexamic acid or any of the ingredients.
B.3. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)
1. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are drugs with analgesic and antipyretic, anti-inflammatory effects, including over counter medicine aspirin, ibuprofen, and naproxen. The medicine has been use to reduce blood loss (it has been shown to be effective in randomized controlled trials, reducing menstrual blood loss (MBL) by 29.0% (95% CI 27.9 to 30.2%). and menstrual cramps and pain for women with menorrhagia)
2. Risks and side effects
a. Stomach bleeding
b. Heart failure
c. Toxicity to the kidneys, ears, and stomach
d. Heart diseases
e. Some researchers advised that Taking more than one NSAID is risky.
f. Etc.
For both primary and secondary menorrhagia
1. Ashoka (Saraca indica)
Ashoka is a sacred plant and has a religious importance. It is reported to have a stimulating effect on the endometrium and ovarian tissue. It's use in treatment of excessive uterine bleeding, dysmenorrhoea, depression, bleeding hemorrhoid, and uterine fibroid. It is considered a uterine sedative and tonic for women in India.
2. Amalaki
Amalaki has been used over 5000 years in India medication. Amlaki contains high amounts of Vitamin C, bioflavonoids, flavonoids, polyphenols, and Alpha and beta carotene that not only helps to strengthen our immune system's fighting against the forming of free radicals, it also helps to inhibit cyclo-oxygenase and lipoxygenase enzymes that cause menstrual cramps and heavy blood flow.
3. Manjishta
Manjishta is a climbing plant found in the Himalayas and hill stations in India. It has been used to treat hepatic obstructions. Root paste removes freckles, and discoloration of the skin, blood circulation and purification, cancer and diarrhea. Manjishta has the same properties like ginger, it helps to reduce menstrual cramps as well as regulating blood flow during menstruation.
4. Shatavari
Shatavari is a climbing plant which grows in low jungle areas throughout India and is an ayurvedic medicine for women. It has been used in India to treat infertility, decreased libido, threatened miscarriage, menopause and nourishing the female reproductive system.
5. Gokshura
Gokshura is a perennial herb with many spreading slender branches. It contains high amounts of calcium. Traditionally, gokshura has been used in Chinese medicine to treat headaches, vertigo, dizziness and heavy blood flow in menstruation due to ascendant liver yang and wind heat.
6. Fo-ti root
Fo-Ti Root is native to China. It has been used in Chinese medicine to treat premature aging, weakness, regulating vaginal discharge, angina pectoris and promoting hair grow and increasing men's libido.
7. Cayenne
Cayenne is a dark-green annual or short-lived perennial plant. Cayenne contains capsaicin that has been shown to promote the release of substance P from sensory neurons, a neuropeptide involved in the sensation of pain, stops blood flow, and is popularly used by Chinese practitioners in treating heavy blood flow during menstruation.
8. Etc.
III. Chinese herbs
For both primary and secondary menorrhagia
1. Cayenne pepper
Cayenne pepper helps to improve the circulatory system that feeds the necessary nutrition to the cell structure of the arteries, veins and capillaries that helps to make small blood vessels in the uterine elastic, thereby reducing the excessive blood flow during menstruation. It also has a property that enhances digestive system metabolism as well as relaxing muscles resulting in reduced menstrual cramps.
2. Raspberry tea
Raspberry tea contains astringent, a substance that tends to shrink or constrict body tissues. It also has properties that help to stop excessive bleeding and calm cramps during heavy menstrual period.
3. Angelica root
Chinese Angelica is a sturdy perennial plant that is native to China and Japan. It has been used for over 5000 years in traditional Chinese medicine in treating an overall tonic for the reproductive system as well as balancing hormones and it is also used to relieve the discomforts of premenstrual syndrome, dysmenorrhea and amenorrhagia. It is well known as female ginseng.
4. Radix Notoginseng
Also known as tian san qi or tien chi ginseng. It has been used in China for centuries in treating excessive bleeding. It is widely used in Asia for angina to help lower cholesterol and triglycerides, and to expand coronary arteries in order to promote blood circulation and prevent blood clots thereby helping to control excessive menstrual bleeding or menorrhagia. It also is a powerful antioxidant that helps to reduce inflammation thus reducing pain caused by menstruation disorders.
5. Ajuga forrestii diels
It is used for traumatic swelling, bruising or for blood disorders. It is also used to inhibit internal bleeding due to trauma, surgery, or cerebral hemorrhage as well as helping traumatic bleeding during menstrual bleeding and relieving pains.
6. Rhizoma dioscoreae nipponicae
Rhizoma dioscoreae nipponicae is among the most famous Chinese traditional medicines specially used to improve blood circulation, stop internal bleeding, painful obstruction and gynaecological blood diseases.7. Rhizome DioscoreaeRhizome is a wheat plant. It contains thiamine, riboflavin, niacin, and small amounts of vitamin A that helps to reduce inflammation resulting in a reduced menstrual cramps. Taken Internally, it can stop internal bleeding such as bleeding ulcers, blood in urine or stool, and menorrhagia.
7. Etc.
For other health articles, please visit
http://medicaladvisorjournals.blogspot.com/
Please follow me at http://twitter.com/kylejnorton
Types of menorrhagia
1. Primary menorrhagia
Girls are especially prone to anovulatory cycles in the 2 years after the first menstrual as a result of the immature reproductive organs, which can lead to disturbance of protaglandins production, causing pains and heavy period.
2. Secondary menorrhagia
Secondary menorrhagia is a result of as a result of disruption of normal hormonal regulation of periods or disorders of certain reproductive organs, that lead menstrual cramps and pain and excessive bleeding.
Symptoms
1. Spotting or bleeding between menstrual periods
2. Excessive menstrual bleeding
3. Heavy period
4. Symptoms of anemia (caused by loss of iron in the blood)
5. Constant pain in the lower abdomen during menstrual period
6. Irregular menstrual periods
7. Period with heavy period occurs almost in every period.
8. Blood loss from 30 to 44 milliliters
9. Etc.
Diagnosis
A. Primary menorrhagia
Girl with menorrhagia in the first 2 years of the menstruation may be tested
1. Red blood cell and fatty acid analysis
It is a blood test for cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL, and LDL. Occasionally, a lipoprotein electrophoresis or lipoprotein-a (Lp-a). The high levels of the test result may increase the risk of arachidonic acid cause of menorrhagia.
2. Red blood cells count
The aim of the blood test is to rule the case of amenia.
3. Hormone levels testing (FSH)
the aim of the test to check for hormone follicle stimulating hormone that may lead inovulation cause of heavy menstruation.
4. Serum vitamin levels
The test for certain vitamin levels is to rule out the heavy period is caused by vitamin deficiency.
5. Etc.
B. Secondary menorrhagia
1. Blood count
Test for blood count to rule out the amenia cause of menorrhagia.
2. Basal body temperature
In women, the record of basal body temperature is to rule out the anovulation cause of menorrhagia. Ovulation causes an increase of one-quarter to one-half degree Celsius in basal body temperature (BBT). It is one of self exam method commonly used by women to time of most fertility.
3. Thyroid function
In a study of Menorrhagia and hypothyroidism - Evidence supports association between hypothyroidism and menorrhagia by Andrew D Weeks, specialist registrar in obstetrics and gynaecology, researchers found that All the available evidence supports a causative association between hypothyroidism and excessive menstrual loss. Some of the study methods are weak by modern standards, but in the absence of evidence to the contrary the conclusion must be that hypothyroidism is a correctable cause of menorrhagia.
4. Ultrasound
Ultra sound to examine the pelvic region is to rule out certain types of abnormality cause of menorrhagia such as uterine fibrosis, polyps, ovarian tumors, endometriosis, etc..
5. Blood coagulation test
Abnormal process by which blood forms clots (coagulation) to prevent blood loss during menstruation can lead menorrhagia.
6. Etc.
Causes and Risk factors
A. Primary menorrhagia
1. Age
Girl in their first 2 years of menstruation may be experience the adnominal cramps and pain and heavt period as a result of the immature of the reproductive organs.
2. Increase arachidonic acid in endometrium
High amount of polyunsaturated omega-6 fatty acid may results in overproduction of the family2 series of eicosanoid, elading to thickening of endometrium, dilation of blood vessels.
3. Hormone imbalance that prevent ovulation
Stress, infection, imbalance of neurotransmitter, under weight and accumulated toxic chemical may interfere with production of certain hormone which can disrupt ovulation and case menorrhagia.
3. Vitamin A deficiency
Vitamin A, an antioxidant enhances the body immune system fighting the against the forming of free radicals to protect the normal cell reproduction and against damage. Deficiency of vitamin A is one of the factor for women who were experience heavy menstrual bleeding.
4. Bleeding or platelet disorders
Abnormal process by which blood forms clots (coagulation) to prevent blood loss during menstruation can lead menorrhagia.
5. Excess toxicity
Excessive toxibody may be resulted in heavy period as a result of the body of trying to remove toxins through the blood.
6. Vitamin K deficiency
Vitamin K is blood coagulation. Normally produced by bacteria in the intestine, women with intestine diseases may not produce enough vitamin K to stop the heavy flowing of blood during menstruation.
7. Anemia
Women with the type of anemia having red blood cells breaking down faster than normal people, may also have heavy flowing of blood during menstruation caused by regular blood flow and breaking off of red blood cells thereby, reducing the coagulation function.
8. Stress
Women who cannot adjust to events in life that are stressful, or seem to be stressful in their mind causes hormone imbalance resulting in overproduction of either estrogen or progesterone.
9. Etc.
B. Secondary menorrhagia
1. Age
Women who are at the age of 40 - 50 may be experience abnormal menstrual cramps and pain and heavy than normal period as a result of approaching to the menopause stage.
2. Medical conditions
Women with certain medical conditions, including pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), thyroid problems, endometriosis are at higher risk of menorrhagia.
3. Intrauterine device (IUD)
Uncorrected use of Intrauterine device (IUD) can lead to menorrhagia.
4. Reproductive diseases
Certain reproductive diseases, including Adenomyosis, Dysfunction of the ovaries, Uterine fibroids, etc., may cause hormonal imbalance and result in menorrhagia.
5. Misscariage and etopical pregnancy
Misscariage and etopical pregnancy can lead to heavy bleeding.
6. Vitamin K deficiency
Vitamin K is blood coagulation. Normally produced by bacteria in the intestine, women with intestine diseases may not produce enough vitamin K to stop the heavy flowing of blood during menstruation.
7. Anemia
Women with the type of anemia having red blood cells breaking down faster than normal people, may also have heavy flowing of blood during menstruation caused by regular blood flow and breaking off of red blood cells thereby, reducing the coagulation function.
8. Stress
Women who cannot adjust to events in life that are stressful, or seem to be stressful in their mind causes hormone imbalance resulting in overproduction of either estrogen or progesterone.
9. Etc.
Prevention
For both primary and secondary menorrhagia
A. Diet
1. Lettuce
Flavonoids are plant pigments responsible for the color of flowers, fruits, and sometimes leaves. Study shows that flavonoids supply us with natural, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidants having great effect on menorrhagia excess pain and on the heaviness of the period.
2. Flax seed oil
Flax contains high amounts of omega 3 fatty acid and lignans. It also is a powerful antioxidant. Besides working together with vitamin K in helping the circulation of blood and providing blood clotted vessels, it also helps to reducing pain caused by menorrhagia.
3. Broccoli
Broccoli contains high amounts of iron, and vitamin C and K that not only helps to relief the pain caused by menorrhagia, but also provides iron, the mineral that is needed to prevent heavy blood loss special for women with anemia. Vitamin K also increases blood clotting the damage blood vessels.
4. Kelps
Kelps are large seaweeds. It grows in underwater forests in clear, shallow oceans. It is rich in iodine and alkali that helps to balance hormones caused by thyroid glands resulting in heavy flow of blood during menstruation as well as containing incredibly high trace minerals and vitamins to feed and nourish the endocrine glands.
5. Carrot
Carrots contain high amounts of vitamin A as well as antioxidants, alpha carotene, and beta carotene. Vitamin A is required for normal reproductive function, and development of ovaries and placenta that is vital for women's menstrual cycle. It's antioxidants also help to reduce menstrual pain caused by menorrhagia.
6. Fermented soybeans
Fermented soybeans are made from soybean. It contains large amounts of vitamin K which is involved in the formation of calcium-binding groups in proteins as well as helping blood clots caused by heavy blood flow during menstruation.
7. Etc.
B. Nutritional Supplements
For both primary and secondary menorrhagia
1. Iron
Iron is essential for women suffering from menorrhagia. Since excessive bleeding causes the loss of iron causing iron deficiency, without enough iron our body cannot reproduce red blood cells to replace those lost in bleeding resulting in symptoms of paller, weakness, fatigue as well as increasing the risk of inflammation.
2. Vitamin B complex
Vitamin B complex is a liver tonic vitamin. It helps the liver to convert the bad estrogen, xanooestrogen into weaker and less dangerous forms and converts omega 6 oils into a form that can be used by the body to produce the good type prostaglandins instead of dinoprostone resulting in reduced bleeding during menstruation.
3. Cod liver oil
Cod liver oil contains high amounts of omega 3 fatty acids that control heavy bleeding during periods. Since red meat and dairy products contain arachidonic acid without balancing intake of omega 3 fatty acid, this causes the over production of dinoprostone leading to increased blood flow, and reducing blood-clotting ability.
4. Zinc
Besides having an important role in treating enlarged prostate in men's health, this mineral is vital for the healthy functioning of the reproductive system in women as well as maintaining hormone balancing.
5. Flavonoid
Flavonoid is a powerful antioxidant activity. It helps to protect small blood vessels from damage resulting in protecting against the blood loss of menorrhagia during menstruation.
6.Vitamin A
Vitamin A is an antioxidant. It works together with iron and copper to help enhance the production of red blood cells. Vitamin A deficiency has been found in women with menorrhagia.
7. Vitamin C
Besides being an antioxidant that helps our body to fight against free radicals from building up and help the digestive system's metabolism to reduce menstrual pain, it also helps excessive blood flow during menstruation as a resulting of strengthening small blood vessels known as capillaries.
8. Etc.
Treatments
I. Conventional medicine
A. Primary menorrhagia
A.1.Ethamsylate
In a study of A double-blind trial of ethamsylate in the treatment of primary and intrauterine-device menorrhagia by R F Harrison, S Cambell, researchers found that During ethamsylate treatment the mean menstrual blood-loss was reduced by 50% in patients with primary menorrhagia and by 19% in patients with an I.U.C.D. This difference between the two groups is probably accounted for by the differing values of initial blood-loss which was significantly higher in the group with primary menorrhagia.
A.2. Include those in the secondary menorrhagia with the recommendation of your doctor.
B. Secondary menorrhagia
B.1. Hormone treatments
1. Contraceptive pill
a. Low-dose combination birth control pills which contains low-dose synthetic forms of the hormones estrogen and progesterone may be use to treat amenorrhea by controlling the menstrual cycle or bring the period back.
b. Risks and side effects
b.1. Growth of fibroids
Growth of fibroid is caused high level of estrogen and progesterone. The intake of the pill increase the level of both hormones resulting in increase the risk of growth of fibroid.
b.2. Recurrent of menstrual symptoms
Some women stop taking the pill may see all the menstrual symptoms coming back.
b3. Blood clots
Estrogen in the pill may cause blood clots in the small vessels in the leg and the lung.
b.4. Stroke and heart diseases
Study shows that women who have higher natural estrogen levels may have a higher risk of stroke and heart diseases.
b.5. Depression and mood swing
At the beginning, it may cause abnormal fluctuations in estrogen and progesterone elevate both physical and psychological stress, eventually resulting in both depression and mood swing
b.6. Bleeding and spotting
Bleeding and spotting is normal for the first six months for women who begin with any oral contraceptive combination pill treatment.
b.7. Lost interest in sex
Some women may experience lower sexual desire
b.8. Nutritional deficiency
Oral contraceptive pill causes vitamin and mineral imbalances or deficiencies.
b.9. Etc.
2. Norethisterone (Progesterone only pill)
Norethisterone a progestogen and has been used used treat premenstrual syndrome, painful periods, abnormal heavy bleeding, irregular periods. In a study of A comparative study of danazol and norethisterone in dysfunctional uterine bleeding presenting as menorrhagia M. Bonduelle, J.J. Walker and A.A. Caldert, researcher found that Since this study was undertaken, a report of
objective measurement of blood loss in small groups of patients9 casts further doubt on the
efficacy ofnorethisterone, although it confirms that of danazol. Since norethisterone is very widely used, a detailed assessment of its efficacy and safety in comparison to danazol is overdue. Should such a study confirm the findings discussed here then danazol could usefully be employed as first line therapy in the management of dysfunctional uterine bleeding presenting as menorrhagia.
3. Danazol
Danazol is synthetic steroid ethisterone, a modified testosterone that is used to inhibit ovarian steroidogenesis resulting in decreased secretion of estradiol and may increase androgens. although it is a standard medicine in treating menorrhagia
According the study of Efficacy of vaginal danazol treatment in women with menorrhagia during fertile age by Luisi S, Razzi S, Lazzeri L, Bocchi C, Severi FM, Petraglia F., researchers concluded that vaginal danazol resulted in effective medical treatment in young women with menorrhagia, and, because of a lack of significant adverse effects, it may be proposed as an alternative treatment.
4. Contraceptive coil (Mirena)
a. It is a soft, flexible T-shaped (birth control) device placed inside the uterus by your doctor within 7 days after the start of your period with medication Mirena continuous release over a period of 5 years to prevent pregnancy and reduce symptoms of menorrhagia. According to the study of SAFETY AND EFFICACY OF MIRENA IN MENORRHAGIA : 10 YEARS RESULTS OF VUOKKO-STUDY by R. Hurskainen, researcher suggested The preliminary 10-year results of Vuokko study show that LNG-IUS is a good alternative option to hysterectomy in the treatment of menorrhagia. Although half of the women assigned to the LNG-IUS group eventually underwent hysterectomy, the costs remain significantly lower than in hysterectomy group. The transition from menorrhagia to menopause seems to be well tolerated and associated with a favourable bleeding pattern.
b. Risks and side effects
b.1.Spotting between periods
b.2. Complete absence of menstrual flow
b.3. Decreased bleeding during periods
b.4. Prolonged bleeding during periods
b.5. Breast pain and tenderness
b.6. Etc.
B.2. Non-hormonal treatments
1. Cyklokapron (tranexamic acid )
The medication has been used widely to reduce short-term in people up to 50% with a certain type of bleeding disorder, including menorrhagia.
2. According to the article of Cyklokapron posted in Drug.com
Risks and Side effects of Cyklokapron Injection include
a. In patients with acquired defective color vision, since this prohibits measuring one endpoint that should be followed as a measure of toxicity
b. In patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage. Anecdotal experience indicates that cerebral edema and cerebral infarction may be caused by Cyklokapron in such patients.
c. In patients with active intravascular clotting.
d. In patients with hypersensitivity to tranexamic acid or any of the ingredients.
B.3. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)
1. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are drugs with analgesic and antipyretic, anti-inflammatory effects, including over counter medicine aspirin, ibuprofen, and naproxen. The medicine has been use to reduce blood loss (it has been shown to be effective in randomized controlled trials, reducing menstrual blood loss (MBL) by 29.0% (95% CI 27.9 to 30.2%). and menstrual cramps and pain for women with menorrhagia)
2. Risks and side effects
a. Stomach bleeding
b. Heart failure
c. Toxicity to the kidneys, ears, and stomach
d. Heart diseases
e. Some researchers advised that Taking more than one NSAID is risky.
f. Etc.
II. Herbs
For both primary and secondary menorrhagia
1. Ashoka (Saraca indica)
Ashoka is a sacred plant and has a religious importance. It is reported to have a stimulating effect on the endometrium and ovarian tissue. It's use in treatment of excessive uterine bleeding, dysmenorrhoea, depression, bleeding hemorrhoid, and uterine fibroid. It is considered a uterine sedative and tonic for women in India.
2. Amalaki
Amalaki has been used over 5000 years in India medication. Amlaki contains high amounts of Vitamin C, bioflavonoids, flavonoids, polyphenols, and Alpha and beta carotene that not only helps to strengthen our immune system's fighting against the forming of free radicals, it also helps to inhibit cyclo-oxygenase and lipoxygenase enzymes that cause menstrual cramps and heavy blood flow.
3. Manjishta
Manjishta is a climbing plant found in the Himalayas and hill stations in India. It has been used to treat hepatic obstructions. Root paste removes freckles, and discoloration of the skin, blood circulation and purification, cancer and diarrhea. Manjishta has the same properties like ginger, it helps to reduce menstrual cramps as well as regulating blood flow during menstruation.
4. Shatavari
Shatavari is a climbing plant which grows in low jungle areas throughout India and is an ayurvedic medicine for women. It has been used in India to treat infertility, decreased libido, threatened miscarriage, menopause and nourishing the female reproductive system.
5. Gokshura
Gokshura is a perennial herb with many spreading slender branches. It contains high amounts of calcium. Traditionally, gokshura has been used in Chinese medicine to treat headaches, vertigo, dizziness and heavy blood flow in menstruation due to ascendant liver yang and wind heat.
6. Fo-ti root
Fo-Ti Root is native to China. It has been used in Chinese medicine to treat premature aging, weakness, regulating vaginal discharge, angina pectoris and promoting hair grow and increasing men's libido.
7. Cayenne
Cayenne is a dark-green annual or short-lived perennial plant. Cayenne contains capsaicin that has been shown to promote the release of substance P from sensory neurons, a neuropeptide involved in the sensation of pain, stops blood flow, and is popularly used by Chinese practitioners in treating heavy blood flow during menstruation.
8. Etc.
III. Chinese herbs
For both primary and secondary menorrhagia
1. Cayenne pepper
Cayenne pepper helps to improve the circulatory system that feeds the necessary nutrition to the cell structure of the arteries, veins and capillaries that helps to make small blood vessels in the uterine elastic, thereby reducing the excessive blood flow during menstruation. It also has a property that enhances digestive system metabolism as well as relaxing muscles resulting in reduced menstrual cramps.
2. Raspberry tea
Raspberry tea contains astringent, a substance that tends to shrink or constrict body tissues. It also has properties that help to stop excessive bleeding and calm cramps during heavy menstrual period.
3. Angelica root
Chinese Angelica is a sturdy perennial plant that is native to China and Japan. It has been used for over 5000 years in traditional Chinese medicine in treating an overall tonic for the reproductive system as well as balancing hormones and it is also used to relieve the discomforts of premenstrual syndrome, dysmenorrhea and amenorrhagia. It is well known as female ginseng.
4. Radix Notoginseng
Also known as tian san qi or tien chi ginseng. It has been used in China for centuries in treating excessive bleeding. It is widely used in Asia for angina to help lower cholesterol and triglycerides, and to expand coronary arteries in order to promote blood circulation and prevent blood clots thereby helping to control excessive menstrual bleeding or menorrhagia. It also is a powerful antioxidant that helps to reduce inflammation thus reducing pain caused by menstruation disorders.
5. Ajuga forrestii diels
It is used for traumatic swelling, bruising or for blood disorders. It is also used to inhibit internal bleeding due to trauma, surgery, or cerebral hemorrhage as well as helping traumatic bleeding during menstrual bleeding and relieving pains.
6. Rhizoma dioscoreae nipponicae
Rhizoma dioscoreae nipponicae is among the most famous Chinese traditional medicines specially used to improve blood circulation, stop internal bleeding, painful obstruction and gynaecological blood diseases.7. Rhizome DioscoreaeRhizome is a wheat plant. It contains thiamine, riboflavin, niacin, and small amounts of vitamin A that helps to reduce inflammation resulting in a reduced menstrual cramps. Taken Internally, it can stop internal bleeding such as bleeding ulcers, blood in urine or stool, and menorrhagia.
7. Etc.
For other health articles, please visit
http://medicaladvisorjournals.blogspot.com/
Please follow me at http://twitter.com/kylejnorton
Menstrual Stages - Peri-Menopause
Peri-Menopause is defined as a condition in which women are experience the irregular menstrual cycledue to the hormonal decline gradually, including shorter, longer, heavy, light peroid and some menopause symptoms. Perimenopause, in fact is a transition stage to menopause, and the length of this transition can be 3-10 years or longer. Once you have no menstrual period in 12 consecutive months, you have officially entered 12 months of menopause already.
Symptoms
1. Irregular period
In the early of peri menopause, the ovaries are in the stage of irregular response to the follicle stimulating hormone that can lead to anovulation, causing irregular menstruation.
2. Follicle stimulating hormone
The rise of FSH as a result of no response of ovaries in production of estrogen for the production of mature egg.
3. Hot flash and irregular sleep hour
As the result of hormonal change, and a woman is experience some symptom of peri menopause. Statistic showed that approximately over 65% of women in the stage of peri menopause are experience hot flashes.
4. Mood swing and irritability
It can be the result of hormone imbalance or the diminishing of sex hormone, including estrogen and progesterone. Some researchers suggested that it may also be caused by fatigue due to symptoms of irregular sleep and hot flash.
5. Vaginal and bladder problem
As the levels of sex hormone decrease, it can lead to the change in the acidic environment of vagina, causing bacteria infection that affect the health of vagina and bladder.
6. Decrease fertility
It is due to the ovaries no longer response instantaneously to the hormone follicle stimulating hormone in releasing estrogen for mature eggs.
7. Bone loss
AS the levels of estrogen decrease, it causes the lost of calcium in the bone, leading to lower bone density and increasing the risk of fracture. According to the study of "Characterization of perimenopausal bone loss", a prospective study, byRecker R, Lappe J, Davies K, Heaney R., researchers concluded that menopausal bone loss is a composite of loss caused by estrogen deprivation and age per se for the hip and total body, but is caused by estrogen deprivation alone for the spine.
8. Cholesterol
Low levels of estrogen increase the levels of bad cholesterol LDL and decrease the levels of good cholesterol HDL In a sudy of "EXOGENOUS ESTROGEN EFFECT ONLIPID/LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL IN TRANSSEXUAL MALES" by M.D. Damewood, J.J. Bellatoni, P.S. Bachorik, A.W. Kimball Jr. and J.A. Rock, researcher found that The total cholesterol to HDL cholesterol ratio may be predictive as to the development of coronary artery disease. The calculated risks for cardiovascular disease in the transsexual groups of males studies was 3.49 and 4.05, below the range of standard risks for men (5.0) and slightly lower than the standard risk for women .
9. Etc.
Causes
Perimenopause is a natural and biological process as a result of aging. In tradition Chinese medicine, the transition of the women menstrual conditions from the years of active reproduction to perimenopause is necessary to slows down the aging process by retaining the body’s kidney energy, to avoid the depletion of the women kidney essence that can lead to death.
1. High levels of follicle stimulating hormone FSH
When a woman enters the stage of peri menopause, the levels of FSH start to rise as a result of irregular response of ovaries in hormone estrogen production.
2. Certain medical diseases
Premature ovaries failure can lead to fast approaching of perimenpause to menopause.
3. Smoking
According to the article of Smoking May Cause Early Menopause posted in Ygoy, the author indicated that Dr. Thea F. Mikkelsen of the University of Oslo and her colleagues have done the research study among a group of 2,123 women 59 to 60 years old. They came up with these findings. The women who smoke were 59% more likely to have undergone early menopause than non-smokers. In case of the women who smoke heavily the risk of early menopause was nearly doubled.
4. Family history
Risk of early peri menopause increase if a woman has a family history of early perimenopause.
5. Chemo and radio therapy in childhood
Chemo and radio therapy in the childhood for cancer treatment are higher risk of early peri menoipause. In the article of " Long-Term Side Effects of Chemotherapy" post on Susan G. Komen for the cure, the author indicated that Some chemotherapy drugs can damage the ovaries and stop regular menstrual cycles .
5. Hystertomy
The removals of uterus can cause prei menopause to start early.
6. Etc.
Diagnosis
After recording your family history and a general physical exam, in most cases, urinary test may be necessary to rule out the change of pregnancy, if you are experience amenorrhea.
1. Blood for Follicle stimulating hormone
The normal of levels of follicle hormone is usually under 10, if you are experience certain symptoms of peri menopause, the levels of FSH is much higher.
2. Estradiol
Blood test of estradiol will show low levels of estrogen.
3. Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH)Testing of the levels of thyroid stimulating hormone to rule out TSH cause of symptoms of menopause.
4. Etc.
Prevention
Since entering the stage of peri menopause is natural and biological process, no one can prevent but delay
A. How to delay peri menopause
Since the causes of perimenopause are due to low levels of female sex hormone, including estrogen and progesterone. Intake of foods which contain phytoestrogen and progesterone will be beneficial in releasing the symptoms of menopause without causing side effects. Other than that, due to wear and tear of the internal organs over the years, diet with organic foods to provide extra nutrients to the body and enhance the body organs function is considered absolutely necessary. One must understand that intake of artificial ingredient, alcohol, cold and hot foods are posted more dangerous to the cells and organ as a result of weakened immune system. We are not dying because of aging but diseases. Elder is susceptible to foreigner and bacteria invasion.
1. Healthy diet
By providing your body with maximum nutrients and phytochemicals are the best way to a optimal health and reducing the symptoms of peri menopause.
2. Moderate exercise
Moderate exercise can increase the blood flow to the body that can stimulate the production of energy by increase the function in metabolism and get rid of waste. It also tire you out and therefore improve sleep and mood.
3. Avoid Alcohol
According to the article of Alcohol - Menopause- Alcohol's Effect on Menopause by June Russell's Health Facts, the author wrote "Approximately 30 percent of American women are older than age 50, the average age of menopause, and approximately 50 percent of these women consume at least moderate quantities of alcohol. Therefore any adverse effects of alcohol among this population could have a significant effect on public health. Approximately 25 percent of postmenopausal women take supplemental estrogens to alleviate unpleasant symptoms of menopause. Even moderate alcohol consumption may increase estrogen levels in postmenopausal women receiving HRT, potentially affecting their risk for various adverse health effects." {Alcohol, Hormones and Postmenopausal Women," NIAAA, 1998}.
4. Avoid Smoking
According to a Norwegian research researchers showed that women who smoke are likely to go through menopause much earlier than women who do not smoke.
According to Dr. Jeanne Morrison in answering the question of How does smoking affect health during menopause? posted at sharecare, smoking can trigger symptoms of menopause such as hot flashes. Also, smoking increases your chance of cancer, heart disease, stroke, and other serious illnesses.
5. Mediation and yoga
Mediation and yoga can help a woman to calm and relax, thus reducing or lessening the occurrence of the symptoms due to stress.
6. Avoid Sugar and artificial sweetener
According to Foods to Avoid or Limit," excerpted from "The Women's Health Companion," Susan Lark, MD, healthy.net - Feb. 2002, the author indicated that alcohol and sugar can actually intensify almost every type of menopause symptom,... No artificial sweetener is without drawbacks or potential health hazards.
7. Etc.
B. Diet
1. Whole grain
Whole grain are cereal grains containing cereal germ, endosperm, including Wheat, Oat, Barley, whole wheat, Maize, etc.
2. Fruits
Fruit is a structures of a plant which is containing seeds as the tree grows them for the survival of the species, including squash, pumpkin, cucumber, tomatoes, peas, beans, corn, eggplant, etc.
3. Vegetables
Vegetable is an edible plant contained edible parts, especially leafy or fleshy parts, other than a fruit or seed, including broccoli, cauliflower, globe artichokes , corn, peas, beans, etc. For more information of healthy foods benefits, please read 100+ Healthy Foods Classification
4. Soy
Many women in Asian countries consume 10 times the amount of soy products as their Western counterparts, Tofu and soa products for what ever reson are considered as the wome fravorite foods (and the Asian men hate them). Soy contains high amount of phytoestrogens, plant base estrogen similar to chemical structure to estradiol that has proven to alleviate menopause symptoms. According to the study of "Effect of high-dose isoflavones on cognition, quality of life, androgens, and lipoprotein in post-menopausal women" by Basaria S, Wisniewski A, Dupree K, Bruno T, Song MY, Yao F, Ojumu A, John M, Dobs, researchers found that women experienced significant reductions in hot flashes and nights sweats, compared to their starting baseline levels, with daily Revival Soy use (just one serving per day). Typical reduction was nearly 40% in just 12 weeks in a study funding in part by Physicians Laboratories. It's that simple and delicious.
5. Wolfberry
Wolfberry contains high levels of phytoestrogen that can help to relieve the symptoms of peri menopause and menopause. According to the article of Lycium Barbarum, Wolfberry Plant
Lycium Barbarum have long played important roles in traditional Chinese medicine, where they are believed to strengthen immune system functioning, better eyesight, protect the liver and meliorate blood circulation, among other effects post in the menopause defeated, the author wrote that at the laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Anatomy, of the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong there have been a research analyzing the effects of Lycium barbarum on against anti-aging process of humans.
6. Etc.
C. Nutritional supplement
Nutritional supplements used in peri menopause are not much difference in menopause, but may be different in volume, depending to differentiation
According to Steven G. Ottariano, a registered pharmacist, vitamins and minerals can provide particular benefits to menopausal women. These include Vitamin E (400 to 800 IU daily) to help reduce hot flashes and night sweats; Calcium (1500 mg daily)--the best type of calcium is not calcium carbonate which may not be fully absorbed, but microcrystalline calcium hydroxyapatite calcium (MCHC) or calcium citrate; Magnesium (500 mg to 750 mg daily) is essential to help with the absorption of calcium; Vitamin C (1,000 mg to 2,000 mg daily) helps absorption of Vitamin E and decreases capillary fragility.
1. Antioxidants
Antioxidants enhance the immune system and are important to prevent the forming of free radicals and fight against the invasion of bacteria and virus, as a woman age, she is susceptible to all kind of diseases.
2. Isoflavones
According to the article of Isoflavones posted on Isoflavones.info, the author indicated that The benefits of soy go beyond reducing long-term cancer risk. Recent studies have found that soy isoflavones can reduce menopause symptoms such as hot flushes and increase bone density in women. Indeed, many menopausal and post-menopausal health problems may result from a lack of isoflavones in the typical Western diet. Although study results are not entirely consistent, isoflavones from soy or red clover may be helpful for symptoms of menopause. A study carried out by "Health Test" in 2004 investigated the prescription behaviour of 27 doctors for women with menopause symptoms. It showed that isoflavones were recommended twice (44%) as often as hormonal treatment (22%).
3. Vitamin E
According to the article of Harvard Medical School Researcher Recommends Soy & Vitamin E as Alternative to HRT, Washington DC, 15 November 2002, Both soy and Vitamin E, which in its natural form is made from soybeans, have long been seen as helping reduce hot flashes, night sweats, and disturbed sleep for women going through menopause. In the wake of adverse findings for hormone use in the Women's Health Initiative study, both soy and Vitamin E are receiving renewed attention.
4. Vitamin B6
According to the article of Vitamin B6 and Overall Health - Importance of Vitamin B6 in maintaining the body posted on menopause infocentre, vitamin B6 is needed for more than 100 enzymes involved in protein metabolism. It is also essential for red blood cell metabolism. The nervous and immune systems need vitamin B6 to function efficiently, and it is also needed for the conversion of tryptophan (an amino acid) to niacin (a vitamin).
5. Vitamin C and bioflavonoids
In a study of 94 patients were studied, of whom 36 were surgically induced (also called castrates) and 58 who had undergone physiologic (natural) menopause (6). Their symptoms were catalogued as severe, moderate, and mild. The test substance consisted of 200 mg of bioflavonoids and 200 mg ascorbic acid in each tablet administered six times per day. And so, each subject received 1200 mg of both the bioflavonoids and ascorbic acid daily, researchers found that An analysis showed the bioflavonoid/vitamin C (line 1) to be markedly superior to all the other test substances in the relief of this single complaint. Actually, 67% reported complete relief, 21% partial making an overall 88% success factor.
6. Calcium
Beside calcium is important to prevent the loss of bone sensitive if taking together with vitamin D, in an article of Menopause and Insomnia: The Calcium Link, 2011-07-20 21:51:13 - (Research journals and nutritionists continue to clarify the relationship between declining levels of estrogen and lowered calcium levels in women) wrote that during the menopause, the lack of ovarian hormones (estrogen and progesterone) can cause severe calcium deficiency symptoms to occur, such as irritability, hot flashes, night sweats, leg cramps and insomnia.
6. Magnesium
In a study of Magnesium And Calcium Levels In Early Surgical MenopauseSREEKANTHA, SATISHA T G, AVINASH S S, MANJUNATHA GOUD B K, REMYA, SUDHAKAR G K, RANGASWAMY R, RAGHAVENDRA VIKRAM TEY, researchers found thatAfter hysterectomy, the levels of magnesium, calcium and phosphorus were found to be dysregulated, which might be due to a hormonal imbalance. This proves the imporance of the said minerals during the stage of nmenopause.
7. Etc.
Treatments
A. In conventional medicine
The aims of treatment is to reduce the symptoms of peri menopause
1. Low dose of oral contraceptive pill
In a study of "Oral Contraceptive Use During the Perimenopausal Years" by JO T. VAN WINTER, M.D., and MATTHEW E. BERNARD, M.D., researchers indicated that Estrogen supplementation in the form of low-dose oral contraceptive pills taken during the perimenopausal years may not be appropriate in everyone, but in many women it can ease the emotional and physical transition into the menopausal years, while at the same time providing some of the noncontraceptive benefits of hormonal contraceptives.
2. Progestin therapy
Progestin is the generic name for synthetic progesterone similar to the progesterone produced by the ovaries> it is beneficial for women in the peri menopause to regulate your periods and relive the symptoms of heavy bleeding.
3. Endometial ablation
Endometrial ablation is a procedure to burn the limning of the uterus by laser beam, electrical energy or heat, it is beneficial for women with heavy bleeding during the stage of perimenopause.
4. Etc.
B. Herbs
Herbs used in the perimenopause are similar to the menopause but difference in volume, some herbalists may replace them by some other herbs, depending the the differentiation
1. Chaste berry tree
In a series of animal experiment by German researcher, Gerhard Madaus, he found that extracts of the leaves, fruits, and bark retarded estrus (heat) in female rats, without evidence of adverse effects on reproductive performance, including the stage of menopause.
2. Black cohost
Black cohosh is used to relieve symptoms of menopause including hot flashes, irritability, mood swings, and feelings of depression. According to the trials have been conducted on the effects of black cohosh on hot flashes, mood swings and depression, researchers suggested that the phytoestrogen in black cohosh may help to restore the hormonal imbalances of menopause.
But according to a new study reported by the Drug Information Journal. although there have been at least 20 positive trials, recent studies have shown consistently negative results.
3. Licorice
Ofir R, Tamir S, Khatib S, Vaya J., Hatzeva Research and Development Center, Jacob Blaustein Institute for Desert Research, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 84105, Israel, researchers found that the licorice root derivatives glabridin and glabrene inhibited serotonin re-uptake by 60% and 47%, respectively. The ability for these licorice root constituents to reduce serotonin re-uptake demonstrates their benefits in treating mild to moderate depression in menopausal women.
4. Asian ginseng
Asian ginseng may be used by menopausal women to reduce stress, improve general well-being, decrease feelings of depression, and enhance memory. In 37 clinical studies published between 1968 and 1990, ginseng improved physical and cognitive performance, mood, or metabolism. Still other studies suggest a plethora of ginseng actions, according to the article Ginseng, Asian posted in drug area.
5. Red clover
Red clover contains high quantities of plant-based estrogen called isoflavones that may improve menopausal symptoms, reduce the risk of bone loss, etc,. In article red clover, posted in the university Maryland medical center, the author wrote, researchers also think that isoflavones, like those found in red clover, might help reduce symptoms of menopause because of their estrogen-like effects. But so far studies have not been conclusive. Several studies of a proprietary extract of red clover isoflavones suggest that it may significantly reduce hot flashes in menopausal women. The largest study, however, showed no such effect.
6.Etc.
C. Chinese herbs
Zhi Bai Di Huang Wan, also known as Eight Flavor Rehmannia Teapills, is a Traditional Chinese Medicine whose formula was 1st listed in "Pattern, Cause, Pulse, and Treatment" (Zheng Yin Mai Zhi) by Dr. Qin Jing-Ming in 1702 AD. You can find information of the above formula in the PHARMACOPOEIA OF THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA (English Edition) The English edition of Chinese Pharmacopoeia compiled by the Pharmacopoeia Commission of the Ministry of Public Health, is an official andauthoritative compendium of drugs. It covers almost traditional Chinese medicines, most of west medicines and preparations, giving information on the standards of purity, description, test, dosage, precaution, storage, and the strength for the drug.
Ingredients
1. Anemarrhena Asphodeloides (Zhi Mu)
Main use; Clears Heat, Disperses Fire, Nourishes Yin, Moistens Dryness.
2. Phellodendron (Huang Bai)
Main use; Clears Heat, Dries Dampness, Disperses Fire, Expels toxins.
3. Rehmannia Glutinosa (Shu Di Huang)
Main use; Nourishes Yin and Blood, Tonifies the Essence, Strengthens the Marrow.
4. Cornus Officinalis(Shan Zhu Yu)
Main use; Tonifies the Liver and Kidneys, Benefits the Liver and Kidneys.
5. Paeonia Suffruticosa (Mu Dan Pi)
Main use; Clears Heat and Blood Stasis, Cools Blood, Clears Fire of Yin Deficiency.
6. Discorea Opposita (Shan Yao)
Main use; Tonifies Qi, Lung, Spleen and Kidneys and Nourishes Yin.
7. Poria Cocos (Fu Ling)
Main use; Eliminates Water, Strengthens the Spleen, Calms the Mind.
8. Alisma Orientale (Ze Xie)
Main use; Eliminates fluid, Clears Heat and Diuretic.
According to the study of The effects of Zhi Bai Di Huang Wan and Jian Pi tang to release the symptoms of menopause by Shun Bin, posted at JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY OF TRADITIONAL CHINESE MEDICINE, researcher found that the formulas have been effectively releasing the symptoms of menopause with great success.
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Menstrual Conditions/Irregularities - Dysmenorrhea
Dysmenorrhea (painful menstruation) is defined as a condition of severe uterine pain during menstruation. Some women may experience periodic pains during or prior to, or after menstrual periods in the lower abdomen as resulting of over production of certain hormones in the prostaglandins family. In traditional Chinese medicine, dysmenorrhea is defined as a pain in the lower abdomen, appearing with menstrual cycle that can spread over to the whole abdomen and lumbosacral region, depending to diagnosis.
Types of dysmenorrhea
1. Primary dysmenorrhea
Primary dysmenorrhea is defined as no underlying cause for menstrual cramps or difficult menstruation occurring just before or during menstruation. It occurs about 90% in the girls in the first 2 years of menstruation. Some researchers suggested that it may be caused immature of the reproductive organs.
2. Secondary dysmenorrhea
Secondary dysmenorrhea is caused by gynecological diseases. including hormone imbalance, endometriosis, fibromas, pelvic immflammatory disease, etc.
Symptoms
1. Spasmodic abdomen cramps
2. Headaches
3. Dizziness
4. Anxiety
5. Nausea
6. vomiting
7. Depression
8. Abdominal bloating
9. Painful breasts
10. Irritability
11. Etc.
Diagnosis
After taking a brief family history and the physical exam including the Abdominal, pelvic, and rectal examinations to check any abnormality of which may be the underlined causes. Diagnosis in general includes
A. In primary dysmenorrhea
If the secondary dysmenorrhea underlined causes (See below) are rule out. No further test will be required.
B. In secondary dysmenorrhea
A. Blood test
1. Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR)
The test is to rule out any inflammation is present in the body. The higher the level of ESR may be an indication of inflammation.
2. Electrolytes
The aim of the test is to determine the levels of Electrolytes, including Sodium, Chloride, Potassium, calcium, etc. to rule out the imbalanced electrolytes cause of dysmenorrhea.
3. Pregnancy test
The test is to rule out the ectopic pregnancy cause of the condition.
4. Tumor markers
The blood test of tumor markers is to rule out the malignant or benign tumor cause of dysmenorrhea.
5. Etc.
B. Swab of vaginal discharge
The aim of the test is to rule out any sexual transmitting diseases cause of the problem.
C. Other tests
1. Laparoscopy
Laparoscopy is a long, thin like tube with light and camera at the end insert into a woman abdomen to allow her doctor to visualize and abnormality in the abdomen region in the computer screen to rule out the cause of dysmenorrhea, such as ectopic pregnancy, endometriosis and pelvic inflammatory disease.
2. Dilatation and curettage
Dilatation and curettage (D & C) is procedure in which the cervix is dilated (expanded) and the lining of the uterus (endometrium) is scraped away to allow a visualization of the uterine cavity.
3. Pelvic ultrasound
Pelvic ultrasound allows your doctor to visualize the ovaries and around structures to check for any abnormality in the pelvic region, including uterus or fallopian tube, ovaries and ectopic pregnancy.
D. Etc.
Causes
A. Primary dysmenorrhea
1. Allergic reactions
Women eating food that causes the immune system to react over-aggressively and negatively due to a weakened immune system as well as resulting in an over-production of prostaglandins.
2. Nutritional deficiency
Deficiency of magnesium and DHEA encourages the excess prostaglandins that can facilitate onset of dysmenorrhea.
3. Unhealthy diet
Intake of high amounts of foods containing synthetic preservatives, color agents, additives, and caffeine causes tension in the nervous system, weakens the immune system, and increases inflammation of our body's system resulting in a distortion of hormone production.
4. Excessive estrogen
Balancing of estrogen and progesterone is necessary for a normal menstrual cycle. Women who are taking estrogen enhancing medications may cause an imbalance of estrogen and progesterone resulting in a hormone imbalance and menstrual cramps.
5. Over weight
Women who are overweight have twice the risk for having stronger and more persistent menstrual pain than women who are not.
6. Smoking.
Cigarettes are a stimulant that not only causes tension in our nervous system, but also distorts hormone production causing excessive production of prostaglandins. Women smokers are more likely to suffer from menstrual pain.
7. Stress
Stress is a psychological and physiological response to events that upset our personal balance in some way causing chemical imbalances in the brain resulting in irregular menstruation or menstrual cramps.
8. Etc.
B. Secondary dysmenorrhea (including those in primary dysmenorrhea)
1. Endometriosis
Endometriosis is a condition in which the cells that line the interior of the uterus dislodge and grows outside the uterine cavity resulting in no exit for the blood when estrogen levels drop causing dysmenorrhea.
2. Fibromas
These benign tumors form and grow in the uterus or the ovaries as a result of prolonged, dilatory menstruation or abortion as well as imbalances between estrogen and progesterone causing pain during the menstrual flow.
3. Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)
PID is a bacterial infection of the uterus, fallopian tubes and ovaries.
4. Ectopic pregnancy
is defined as a condition in which the fertilized implant in somewhere else other than in the uterus. In most case, ectopic pregnancy occurs in the one of the Fallopian tube, causing tubal pregnancy. Ectopic pregnancy will end up in miscarriage cause of dysmenorrhea as the fertilized can not survive outside of uterus.
5. Sexual transmitting diseases
also known as sexually transmitted infection is an illness which can only transmit through sexual intercourse as a result from the infectious partner or IV drug needles after its use by an infected person, through childbirth or breastfeeding, including vaginal intercourse, oral sex, and anal sex. The disease can lead to infectious causes of dysmenorrhea.
6. Etc.
Prevention
A. Diet
1. Tofu
Tofu is made from yellow beans. It contains high levels of isoflavones. Intake of tofu will help to stimulate the production of good estrogen which is low during menstruation resulting in reducing the inflammation as well as menstrual cramps. It also inhibits bad estrogen, also known as xenoestrogens which causes breast cancer and tumors in women. Raw yellow bean is toxic and harmful to our body.
2. Legumes
Legume is dark green food. It contains high amounts of vitamin C and chlorophyll that help to relax our abdominal muscles caused by inflammation during menstruation and fighting against forming of free radicals in our body.
3. Deep sea fish
Deep sea fish such as tuna and salmon containing high amounts of iron and omega 3 fatty acid helps to stimulate the production of red blood cells that is essential to replace blood loss during menstruation. Without omega 3 fatty acids to balance the excessive of omega 6 acid it will result in hormone imbalance thus increasing the risk of menstrual cramps.
4. Banana
Bananas contains high amounts of potassium and magnesium that work together to block the release of prostaglandins and occurrence of spasms.
5. Green tea
Green tea helps to stimulate the digestive system resulting in a cooling sensation and alleviating sharp, stabbing pain during menstruation.
6. Mexican wild yam
Mexican wild yam contains precursors to DHEA that help to regulate and balance hormones the natural way resulting in reducing symptoms of menstruation. Study shows that people with healthy DHEA levels when given a choice, chose lean protein and carbohydrate foods as opposed to foods comprised of high fat.
6. For more information of healthy foods visit 100+ Healthy Foods Classification
B. Nutritional Supplements
1. Vitamin B1
Vitamin B1 is also known as thiamin, thiamine or aneurine hydrochloride. Excessive alcohol drinking and unhealthy diet are the major causes of vitamin B1 deficiency, therefore women with bad drinking habits and women that eat more junk food will likely have dysmenorrhea.
2. vitamin E
Study shows that women who take Vitamin E two days before menstruation continuously and three days after the onset of menstruation, was significantly effective in relieving menstrual pain.
3. Magnesium
Since magnesium is an important mineral in maintaining muscle tone, women with deficiency of magnesium will result in overactive muscles leading to menstrual pain and symptoms. Adding magnesium in your daily diet will help to reduce or prevent menstrual cramps and pain.
4. Zinc
Women with dysmenorrhea have zinc deficiency and high levels of prostaglandins, hormones may be at higher risk of menstrual cramping. Since zinc has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory actions and inhibits the metabolism of prostaglandins, intake of zinc will help to reduce menstrual cramps.
5. Omega 3 fatty acid
Women with low intake of omega 3 fatty acid seem to be associate with menstrual pain. Study shows that including omega 3 fatty acid in your daily diet will reduce menstrual pain and menstrual symptoms.
6. Calcium
Since calcium deficiency causes hyperactive muscles, taking calcium supplements may help to reduce chances of menstrual cramps by maintaining normal muscle tone. Study shows that intake of calcium during the menstruate cycle will help to relieve premenstrual cramping, and pain during menses.
7. Etc.
Treatments
A. In conventional medicine
A.1. NSAIDs non steroid anti inflammation
1. In a study of Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for dysmenorrhoea. Marjoribanks J, Proctor M, Farquhar C, Derks RS., researchers found that NSAIDs are an effective treatment for dysmenorrhoea, though women using them need to be aware of the significant risk of adverse effects. There is insufficient evidence to determine which (if any) individual NSAID is the safest and most effective for the treatment of dysmenorrhoea.
2. Risks and side effects
a. Stomach bleeding
b. Heart failure
c. Toxicity to the kidneys, ears, and stomach
d. Heart diseases
e. Some researchers advised that Taking more than one NSAID is risky.
f. Etc.
A.2. Birth control pill
1. Contraceptive pill
a. Low-dose combination birth control pills which contains low-dose synthetic forms of the hormones estrogen and progesterone may be use to treat amenorrhea by controlling the menstrual cycle or bring the period back.
b. Risks and side effects
b.1. Growth of fibrosis Growth of fibroid is caused high level of estrogen and progesterone. The intake of the pill increase the level of both hormones resulting in increase the risk of growth of fibroid.
b.2. Recurrent of menstrual symptoms Some women stop taking the pill may see all the menstrual symptoms coming back.
b3. Blood clots Estrogen in the pill may cause blood clots in the small vessels in the leg and the lung.
b.4. Stroke and heart diseases Study shows that women who have higher natural estrogen levels may have a higher risk of stroke and heart diseases.
b.5. Depression and mood swing At the beginning, it may cause abnormal fluctuations in estrogen and progesterone elevate both physical and psychological stress, eventually resulting in both depression and mood swing
b.6. Bleeding and spotting Bleeding and spotting is normal for the first six months for women who begin with any oral contraceptive combination pill treatment.
b.7. Lost interest in sex Some women may experience lower sexual desire
b.8. Nutritional deficiency Oral contraceptive pill causes vitamin and mineral imbalances or deficiencies.
b.9. Etc.
2. Progestogen-only contraceptive (Implanon)
a. According to the article of Impannon posted in chemeuro.com, the author stated that The 4 cm by 2 mm Implanon rod contains 68 milligrams of the gonane progestin etonogestrel which is released over a three year period..... Ovulation was not observed in studies of Implanon in the first two years of use and only rarely in the third year with no pregnancies. Study showed that imphanon decrease the symptoms of dysmenorrhea from 59% to 21% after treatment.
b. Risks and Side effects
b.1. Irregular periods,
b.2. Headaches,
b.3. Acne,
b.4. Weight gain
b.5. Excessive menstrual bleeding. Some women may have
b.6. No menstrual period
b.7. Broken or damaged implant
b.8. Slight migration of the implant
b.9. Fibrosis.
b. 10. Etc.
3. Contraceptive coil (Mirena)
a. It is a soft, flexible T-shaped (birth control) device placed inside the uterus by your doctor within 7 days after the start of your period with medication Mirena continuous release over a period of 5 years to prevent pregnancy and reduce symptoms of dysmenorrhea.
b. Risks and side effects
b.1.Spotting between periods
b.2. Complete absence of menstrual flow
b.3. Decreased bleeding during periods
b.4. Prolonged bleeding during periods
b.5. Breast pain and tenderness
b.6. Etc.
4. Etc.
B. Herbs
1. Ginger
Ginger is most commonly used in western medicine in treating dysmenorrhea for a long period of time due to its stimulated function of anti- inflammation, spasmolytic, and circulation. Ginger helps to inhibit cyclo-oxygenase and lipoxygenase enzymes that cause menstrual cramps.
2. Herbal tea
Herbal tea contains high amounts of phytochemicals that helps to relax stomach and uterus muscles resulting in reduced or no menstrual cramps. Drinking herbal tea until the cramping subsides is recommended.
3. Cramp Bark
Cramp bark is a a uterine tonic. It is used to relieve cramps and spasm of all kinds, to treat uterine and ovarian pain, dysmenorrhea as well as relaxing uterine muscle.
4. Raspberry leaf
Raspberry leaf has been used in traditional herbal therapy for a variety of conditions relating to the female reproductive tract, especially during pregnancy and to facilitate delivery. It is a uterine tonic that helps to relax the uterine muscles resulting in reduced menstrual cramps.
5. Pennyroyal
Pennyroyal is a relaxant and stimulant. It has the same property of relaxing the uterine muscle like raspberry leaf, and has been used for treating menstrual cramps.
6. Mugwort
Mugwort has been used in Chinese medicine to relieve pain by promoting blood circulation, restoring depressed liver by invigorating the flow of qi , regulating menstruation and alleviating pain as well as irregular menstruation and dysmenorrhea.
7. Cinnamon
Cinnamon is a highly antioxidant and anti-inflammation herb enhancing inhibition of the metabolism of prostaglandins, intake of cinnamon tea will help to reduce menstrual cramps. Overdose of cinnamon is toxic to your kidney and liver.
8. Etc.
C. Chinese herbs
A. Formula Herbs
A.1. Xiao Chai Hu Tang (Minor Bupleurum Decoction)
According to the study of Xiao Chai Hu Tang & Dysmenorrhea, abstracted & translated by Bob Flaws, Dipl. Ac. & C.H., Lic. Ac., FNAAOM, FRCHM, researchers found that Xiao Chai Hu Tang treats all of the above disease mechanisms and it can treat all the various evolved patterns of dysmenorrhea, such as cold congelation, heat stasis, and hot and cold, vacuity and repletion painful menstruation.
A.2. Ingredients of Xiao Chai Hu Tang Jia Jian include
1. Chai Hu (Bupleurum Root)
Main uses; Regulates Heat, Clears Heat and Resolves depression, Raises Yang Qi.
2. Huang Qin (Skullcap Root)
Main uses; Clears Heat, Dries Dampness, Disperses Fire, Stops bleeding.
3. Dang Shen (Codonopsis Root)
Main uses; Tonifies the Middle, Strengthens Qi, Generation of Body Fluids, Nourishes Blood.
4. Ban Xia (Pinellia Tuber)
Main uses; Dries Dampness, Transforms Phlegm, Stops vomiting, Resolves masses.
5. Chuan Xiong (Szechuan Lovage Root)
Main uses; Moves Blood and Qi, Expels Wind, Calms pain.
6. Dang Gui (Angelica Root)
Main uses; Tonifies Blood, Moves Blood, Calms pain, Moistens the Intestines.
7. Pao Jiang (Blast-fried Ginger)
Main uses; Warms the Middle and Lung, Rescues Yang, Transforms Phlegm.
8. Gan Cao (Licorice Root)
Main uses; Tonifies the Spleen, Benefits the Qi, Moistens the Lungs; Calms cough.
9. Tao Ren (Peach Seed)
Main uses; Moves Blood, Eliminates accumulations, Moistens the Intestines to promote bowel movement.
10. Chuan Niu Xi (Cyathula Root)
Main uses; Expels Wind, Disperses Dampness, Soothes the joints.
B. Individual herbs
1 Dang qui (Chinese angelica root)
Chinese angelica root has been used in Chinese medicine for women's health in treating menstrual cramps, regulating menstrual periods, and lessening menopausal symptoms. Study shows that dang qui can help to reduce pain, dilate blood vessels, and stimulate the relaxation of uterine muscles.
2. Peach kernel
Peach kernel besides helping to enhance blood circulation and remove toxins from our blood, it also helps in moistening the bowels and relieving constipation. It is most often used in treating dysmenorrhea due to pathological blockage in blood circulation and abdominal pain before and after menstruation.
3. Curcuma Root
Chinese doctors believe that menstrual cramps and pain are due to stagnation of the liver-qi and retention of blood stasis in the interior. Curcuma root has been used to relieve pain by promoting blood circulation, restoring depressed liver by invigorating the flow of qi, and clearing away heat in the blood and heart.
4. Corydalis tuber
Corydalis tuber contains powerful alkaloids that have been used in postpartum abdominal pain due to pathological blockage in blood circulation and depressed liver causing qi stagnation. It is an important Chinese herb that has been used for hundreds of years to help relieve almost any painful condition especially for menstrual cramps, and chest and abdominal pains.
5. Safflower
Safflower is one of the many Chinese medicines used to treat difficult and painful menstruation by promoting blood circulation, and by removing any blood blockage substance and regulating blood flow.
6. Nutgrass flatsedge Rhizome
Nutgrass flatsedge rhizome is a Chinese herb that is used to sooth and regulate liver qi promote blood circulation, regulate menstruation, and alleviate pain as well as irregular menstruation and dysmenorrhea.
7. Chuan Niu Xi (Cyathula Root)
Chuan Niu Xi is a liver and kidney tonic herb that has been used in Chinese medicine to strengthen blood circulation, stimulate menstrual discharge, and promote urination.
8. Etc.
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Types of dysmenorrhea
1. Primary dysmenorrhea
Primary dysmenorrhea is defined as no underlying cause for menstrual cramps or difficult menstruation occurring just before or during menstruation. It occurs about 90% in the girls in the first 2 years of menstruation. Some researchers suggested that it may be caused immature of the reproductive organs.
2. Secondary dysmenorrhea
Secondary dysmenorrhea is caused by gynecological diseases. including hormone imbalance, endometriosis, fibromas, pelvic immflammatory disease, etc.
Symptoms
1. Spasmodic abdomen cramps
2. Headaches
3. Dizziness
4. Anxiety
5. Nausea
6. vomiting
7. Depression
8. Abdominal bloating
9. Painful breasts
10. Irritability
11. Etc.
Diagnosis
After taking a brief family history and the physical exam including the Abdominal, pelvic, and rectal examinations to check any abnormality of which may be the underlined causes. Diagnosis in general includes
A. In primary dysmenorrhea
If the secondary dysmenorrhea underlined causes (See below) are rule out. No further test will be required.
B. In secondary dysmenorrhea
A. Blood test
1. Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR)
The test is to rule out any inflammation is present in the body. The higher the level of ESR may be an indication of inflammation.
2. Electrolytes
The aim of the test is to determine the levels of Electrolytes, including Sodium, Chloride, Potassium, calcium, etc. to rule out the imbalanced electrolytes cause of dysmenorrhea.
3. Pregnancy test
The test is to rule out the ectopic pregnancy cause of the condition.
4. Tumor markers
The blood test of tumor markers is to rule out the malignant or benign tumor cause of dysmenorrhea.
5. Etc.
B. Swab of vaginal discharge
The aim of the test is to rule out any sexual transmitting diseases cause of the problem.
C. Other tests
1. Laparoscopy
Laparoscopy is a long, thin like tube with light and camera at the end insert into a woman abdomen to allow her doctor to visualize and abnormality in the abdomen region in the computer screen to rule out the cause of dysmenorrhea, such as ectopic pregnancy, endometriosis and pelvic inflammatory disease.
2. Dilatation and curettage
Dilatation and curettage (D & C) is procedure in which the cervix is dilated (expanded) and the lining of the uterus (endometrium) is scraped away to allow a visualization of the uterine cavity.
3. Pelvic ultrasound
Pelvic ultrasound allows your doctor to visualize the ovaries and around structures to check for any abnormality in the pelvic region, including uterus or fallopian tube, ovaries and ectopic pregnancy.
D. Etc.
Causes
A. Primary dysmenorrhea
1. Allergic reactions
Women eating food that causes the immune system to react over-aggressively and negatively due to a weakened immune system as well as resulting in an over-production of prostaglandins.
2. Nutritional deficiency
Deficiency of magnesium and DHEA encourages the excess prostaglandins that can facilitate onset of dysmenorrhea.
3. Unhealthy diet
Intake of high amounts of foods containing synthetic preservatives, color agents, additives, and caffeine causes tension in the nervous system, weakens the immune system, and increases inflammation of our body's system resulting in a distortion of hormone production.
4. Excessive estrogen
Balancing of estrogen and progesterone is necessary for a normal menstrual cycle. Women who are taking estrogen enhancing medications may cause an imbalance of estrogen and progesterone resulting in a hormone imbalance and menstrual cramps.
5. Over weight
Women who are overweight have twice the risk for having stronger and more persistent menstrual pain than women who are not.
6. Smoking.
Cigarettes are a stimulant that not only causes tension in our nervous system, but also distorts hormone production causing excessive production of prostaglandins. Women smokers are more likely to suffer from menstrual pain.
7. Stress
Stress is a psychological and physiological response to events that upset our personal balance in some way causing chemical imbalances in the brain resulting in irregular menstruation or menstrual cramps.
8. Etc.
B. Secondary dysmenorrhea (including those in primary dysmenorrhea)
1. Endometriosis
Endometriosis is a condition in which the cells that line the interior of the uterus dislodge and grows outside the uterine cavity resulting in no exit for the blood when estrogen levels drop causing dysmenorrhea.
2. Fibromas
These benign tumors form and grow in the uterus or the ovaries as a result of prolonged, dilatory menstruation or abortion as well as imbalances between estrogen and progesterone causing pain during the menstrual flow.
3. Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)
PID is a bacterial infection of the uterus, fallopian tubes and ovaries.
4. Ectopic pregnancy
is defined as a condition in which the fertilized implant in somewhere else other than in the uterus. In most case, ectopic pregnancy occurs in the one of the Fallopian tube, causing tubal pregnancy. Ectopic pregnancy will end up in miscarriage cause of dysmenorrhea as the fertilized can not survive outside of uterus.
5. Sexual transmitting diseases
also known as sexually transmitted infection is an illness which can only transmit through sexual intercourse as a result from the infectious partner or IV drug needles after its use by an infected person, through childbirth or breastfeeding, including vaginal intercourse, oral sex, and anal sex. The disease can lead to infectious causes of dysmenorrhea.
6. Etc.
Prevention
A. Diet
1. Tofu
Tofu is made from yellow beans. It contains high levels of isoflavones. Intake of tofu will help to stimulate the production of good estrogen which is low during menstruation resulting in reducing the inflammation as well as menstrual cramps. It also inhibits bad estrogen, also known as xenoestrogens which causes breast cancer and tumors in women. Raw yellow bean is toxic and harmful to our body.
2. Legumes
Legume is dark green food. It contains high amounts of vitamin C and chlorophyll that help to relax our abdominal muscles caused by inflammation during menstruation and fighting against forming of free radicals in our body.
3. Deep sea fish
Deep sea fish such as tuna and salmon containing high amounts of iron and omega 3 fatty acid helps to stimulate the production of red blood cells that is essential to replace blood loss during menstruation. Without omega 3 fatty acids to balance the excessive of omega 6 acid it will result in hormone imbalance thus increasing the risk of menstrual cramps.
4. Banana
Bananas contains high amounts of potassium and magnesium that work together to block the release of prostaglandins and occurrence of spasms.
5. Green tea
Green tea helps to stimulate the digestive system resulting in a cooling sensation and alleviating sharp, stabbing pain during menstruation.
6. Mexican wild yam
Mexican wild yam contains precursors to DHEA that help to regulate and balance hormones the natural way resulting in reducing symptoms of menstruation. Study shows that people with healthy DHEA levels when given a choice, chose lean protein and carbohydrate foods as opposed to foods comprised of high fat.
6. For more information of healthy foods visit 100+ Healthy Foods Classification
B. Nutritional Supplements
1. Vitamin B1
Vitamin B1 is also known as thiamin, thiamine or aneurine hydrochloride. Excessive alcohol drinking and unhealthy diet are the major causes of vitamin B1 deficiency, therefore women with bad drinking habits and women that eat more junk food will likely have dysmenorrhea.
2. vitamin E
Study shows that women who take Vitamin E two days before menstruation continuously and three days after the onset of menstruation, was significantly effective in relieving menstrual pain.
3. Magnesium
Since magnesium is an important mineral in maintaining muscle tone, women with deficiency of magnesium will result in overactive muscles leading to menstrual pain and symptoms. Adding magnesium in your daily diet will help to reduce or prevent menstrual cramps and pain.
4. Zinc
Women with dysmenorrhea have zinc deficiency and high levels of prostaglandins, hormones may be at higher risk of menstrual cramping. Since zinc has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory actions and inhibits the metabolism of prostaglandins, intake of zinc will help to reduce menstrual cramps.
5. Omega 3 fatty acid
Women with low intake of omega 3 fatty acid seem to be associate with menstrual pain. Study shows that including omega 3 fatty acid in your daily diet will reduce menstrual pain and menstrual symptoms.
6. Calcium
Since calcium deficiency causes hyperactive muscles, taking calcium supplements may help to reduce chances of menstrual cramps by maintaining normal muscle tone. Study shows that intake of calcium during the menstruate cycle will help to relieve premenstrual cramping, and pain during menses.
7. Etc.
Treatments
A. In conventional medicine
A.1. NSAIDs non steroid anti inflammation
1. In a study of Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for dysmenorrhoea. Marjoribanks J, Proctor M, Farquhar C, Derks RS., researchers found that NSAIDs are an effective treatment for dysmenorrhoea, though women using them need to be aware of the significant risk of adverse effects. There is insufficient evidence to determine which (if any) individual NSAID is the safest and most effective for the treatment of dysmenorrhoea.
2. Risks and side effects
a. Stomach bleeding
b. Heart failure
c. Toxicity to the kidneys, ears, and stomach
d. Heart diseases
e. Some researchers advised that Taking more than one NSAID is risky.
f. Etc.
A.2. Birth control pill
1. Contraceptive pill
a. Low-dose combination birth control pills which contains low-dose synthetic forms of the hormones estrogen and progesterone may be use to treat amenorrhea by controlling the menstrual cycle or bring the period back.
b. Risks and side effects
b.1. Growth of fibrosis Growth of fibroid is caused high level of estrogen and progesterone. The intake of the pill increase the level of both hormones resulting in increase the risk of growth of fibroid.
b.2. Recurrent of menstrual symptoms Some women stop taking the pill may see all the menstrual symptoms coming back.
b3. Blood clots Estrogen in the pill may cause blood clots in the small vessels in the leg and the lung.
b.4. Stroke and heart diseases Study shows that women who have higher natural estrogen levels may have a higher risk of stroke and heart diseases.
b.5. Depression and mood swing At the beginning, it may cause abnormal fluctuations in estrogen and progesterone elevate both physical and psychological stress, eventually resulting in both depression and mood swing
b.6. Bleeding and spotting Bleeding and spotting is normal for the first six months for women who begin with any oral contraceptive combination pill treatment.
b.7. Lost interest in sex Some women may experience lower sexual desire
b.8. Nutritional deficiency Oral contraceptive pill causes vitamin and mineral imbalances or deficiencies.
b.9. Etc.
2. Progestogen-only contraceptive (Implanon)
a. According to the article of Impannon posted in chemeuro.com, the author stated that The 4 cm by 2 mm Implanon rod contains 68 milligrams of the gonane progestin etonogestrel which is released over a three year period..... Ovulation was not observed in studies of Implanon in the first two years of use and only rarely in the third year with no pregnancies. Study showed that imphanon decrease the symptoms of dysmenorrhea from 59% to 21% after treatment.
b. Risks and Side effects
b.1. Irregular periods,
b.2. Headaches,
b.3. Acne,
b.4. Weight gain
b.5. Excessive menstrual bleeding. Some women may have
b.6. No menstrual period
b.7. Broken or damaged implant
b.8. Slight migration of the implant
b.9. Fibrosis.
b. 10. Etc.
3. Contraceptive coil (Mirena)
a. It is a soft, flexible T-shaped (birth control) device placed inside the uterus by your doctor within 7 days after the start of your period with medication Mirena continuous release over a period of 5 years to prevent pregnancy and reduce symptoms of dysmenorrhea.
b. Risks and side effects
b.1.Spotting between periods
b.2. Complete absence of menstrual flow
b.3. Decreased bleeding during periods
b.4. Prolonged bleeding during periods
b.5. Breast pain and tenderness
b.6. Etc.
4. Etc.
B. Herbs
1. Ginger
Ginger is most commonly used in western medicine in treating dysmenorrhea for a long period of time due to its stimulated function of anti- inflammation, spasmolytic, and circulation. Ginger helps to inhibit cyclo-oxygenase and lipoxygenase enzymes that cause menstrual cramps.
2. Herbal tea
Herbal tea contains high amounts of phytochemicals that helps to relax stomach and uterus muscles resulting in reduced or no menstrual cramps. Drinking herbal tea until the cramping subsides is recommended.
3. Cramp Bark
Cramp bark is a a uterine tonic. It is used to relieve cramps and spasm of all kinds, to treat uterine and ovarian pain, dysmenorrhea as well as relaxing uterine muscle.
4. Raspberry leaf
Raspberry leaf has been used in traditional herbal therapy for a variety of conditions relating to the female reproductive tract, especially during pregnancy and to facilitate delivery. It is a uterine tonic that helps to relax the uterine muscles resulting in reduced menstrual cramps.
5. Pennyroyal
Pennyroyal is a relaxant and stimulant. It has the same property of relaxing the uterine muscle like raspberry leaf, and has been used for treating menstrual cramps.
6. Mugwort
Mugwort has been used in Chinese medicine to relieve pain by promoting blood circulation, restoring depressed liver by invigorating the flow of qi , regulating menstruation and alleviating pain as well as irregular menstruation and dysmenorrhea.
7. Cinnamon
Cinnamon is a highly antioxidant and anti-inflammation herb enhancing inhibition of the metabolism of prostaglandins, intake of cinnamon tea will help to reduce menstrual cramps. Overdose of cinnamon is toxic to your kidney and liver.
8. Etc.
C. Chinese herbs
A. Formula Herbs
A.1. Xiao Chai Hu Tang (Minor Bupleurum Decoction)
According to the study of Xiao Chai Hu Tang & Dysmenorrhea, abstracted & translated by Bob Flaws, Dipl. Ac. & C.H., Lic. Ac., FNAAOM, FRCHM, researchers found that Xiao Chai Hu Tang treats all of the above disease mechanisms and it can treat all the various evolved patterns of dysmenorrhea, such as cold congelation, heat stasis, and hot and cold, vacuity and repletion painful menstruation.
A.2. Ingredients of Xiao Chai Hu Tang Jia Jian include
1. Chai Hu (Bupleurum Root)
Main uses; Regulates Heat, Clears Heat and Resolves depression, Raises Yang Qi.
2. Huang Qin (Skullcap Root)
Main uses; Clears Heat, Dries Dampness, Disperses Fire, Stops bleeding.
3. Dang Shen (Codonopsis Root)
Main uses; Tonifies the Middle, Strengthens Qi, Generation of Body Fluids, Nourishes Blood.
4. Ban Xia (Pinellia Tuber)
Main uses; Dries Dampness, Transforms Phlegm, Stops vomiting, Resolves masses.
5. Chuan Xiong (Szechuan Lovage Root)
Main uses; Moves Blood and Qi, Expels Wind, Calms pain.
6. Dang Gui (Angelica Root)
Main uses; Tonifies Blood, Moves Blood, Calms pain, Moistens the Intestines.
7. Pao Jiang (Blast-fried Ginger)
Main uses; Warms the Middle and Lung, Rescues Yang, Transforms Phlegm.
8. Gan Cao (Licorice Root)
Main uses; Tonifies the Spleen, Benefits the Qi, Moistens the Lungs; Calms cough.
9. Tao Ren (Peach Seed)
Main uses; Moves Blood, Eliminates accumulations, Moistens the Intestines to promote bowel movement.
10. Chuan Niu Xi (Cyathula Root)
Main uses; Expels Wind, Disperses Dampness, Soothes the joints.
B. Individual herbs
1 Dang qui (Chinese angelica root)
Chinese angelica root has been used in Chinese medicine for women's health in treating menstrual cramps, regulating menstrual periods, and lessening menopausal symptoms. Study shows that dang qui can help to reduce pain, dilate blood vessels, and stimulate the relaxation of uterine muscles.
2. Peach kernel
Peach kernel besides helping to enhance blood circulation and remove toxins from our blood, it also helps in moistening the bowels and relieving constipation. It is most often used in treating dysmenorrhea due to pathological blockage in blood circulation and abdominal pain before and after menstruation.
3. Curcuma Root
Chinese doctors believe that menstrual cramps and pain are due to stagnation of the liver-qi and retention of blood stasis in the interior. Curcuma root has been used to relieve pain by promoting blood circulation, restoring depressed liver by invigorating the flow of qi, and clearing away heat in the blood and heart.
4. Corydalis tuber
Corydalis tuber contains powerful alkaloids that have been used in postpartum abdominal pain due to pathological blockage in blood circulation and depressed liver causing qi stagnation. It is an important Chinese herb that has been used for hundreds of years to help relieve almost any painful condition especially for menstrual cramps, and chest and abdominal pains.
5. Safflower
Safflower is one of the many Chinese medicines used to treat difficult and painful menstruation by promoting blood circulation, and by removing any blood blockage substance and regulating blood flow.
6. Nutgrass flatsedge Rhizome
Nutgrass flatsedge rhizome is a Chinese herb that is used to sooth and regulate liver qi promote blood circulation, regulate menstruation, and alleviate pain as well as irregular menstruation and dysmenorrhea.
7. Chuan Niu Xi (Cyathula Root)
Chuan Niu Xi is a liver and kidney tonic herb that has been used in Chinese medicine to strengthen blood circulation, stimulate menstrual discharge, and promote urination.
8. Etc.
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Menstrual Conditions/Irregularities - Amenorrhea
Amenorrhea is defined as delay or absence of menstruation in a woman reproductive years. Women who have a delay or absence of period used to think that they may be pregnant, in fact, there are many reasons of amenorrhea.
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Type of Amenorrhea
There are 2 types of amenrrhea:
1. Primary amenorrhea
Primary amenorrhea is defined as no period by age 16 and
2. Secondary amenorrhea
Secondary amenorrhea is defined as period beginning at the appropriate age, but later stops for more than 3 cycles or 6 months.
Diagnosis and test for primary amenorrhea
Physical exams and tests will be important to rule out any visual and non visual abnormal structure, including sexual development, including pubic hair, should be evaluated for the presence of a uterus and vagina that can cause amenorrhea. Genetic testing is required also to rule out the case of genetic cause of primary amenorrhea.
1. Hypogonadotropic hypogonadism
Is defined as a condition of Hypogonadotropic hypogonadism is absent or decreased function of the female ovaries presented prior to or after the completion of puberty due to due to a problem with the pituitary or hypothalamus gland in FSH and LH production that can lead to Kallmann syndrome causing amenorrhea.
2. Hypergonadotropic hypogonadism
Hypergonadotropic hypogonadism is a condition of the elevated levels of follicle stimulating hormone FSH and LH characterize hypergonadotropic hypogonadism with low estrogen production, as a result of ovarian failure.
3. Etc.
Causes
1. Delay due to purity characteristic
Some women may just start to have breast tender at age 16 due to nutritional deficiency or genetic passing through form generation to generation causing delay of menstruation.
2. Defects of reproductive system
a) Androgen insensitivity syndrome
The person develops the appearance of a female despite having a male chromosomal pattern and gonadal production of male hormones. However, the person does not have a uterus or periods, pubic and axillary hair are scant, and testosterone levels are high in the male hormone range.
b) Turner syndrome
A common genetic condition that one of the X chromosomes is missing,resulting in absent menses and failure to develop ovaries.
c) Policystic ovarian syndrome
In some women, the uterus develops but the vagina does not, or a serum blocking the release of the menstrual blood causing pelvic pain at regular intervals similar to the expected pattern of menstrual periods.
3. Hymen problem (lack of an opening in the membrane at the entrance of the vagina)
Hymen is a membrane that surrounds or partially covers the external vaginal opening. If the membrane is too thick causing puberty, menstrual blood becomes trapped behind resulting in painful pelvis and amenorrhea if the collection of blood may become larger with each month period. Hymenotomy may also be required if the hymen is particularly thick.
4) Problem with the hypothalamus or pituitary gland
As we know, in order to start a menstrual cycle, the hypothalamus releases hormones that stimulates the pituitary gland to release follicle-stimulating hormones and luteinizing hormones. If any steps go wrong, there is no egg being produced by the follicle causing amenorrhea.
5. Obesity
Females who are obese often experience amenorrhea as a result of excess fat cells causing hormone imbalance that interfere with the process of ovulation.
6. Eating disorder
Females with anorexia nervosa or bulimia nervosa often experience amenorrhea as a result of maintaining a body weight that would be too low to sustain a menstrual cycle.
7. Imbalanced diet
Imbalanced diet causes deficiency of certain nutrients and minerals, such as magnesium deficiency resulting in imbalance of estrogen and progesterone that interferes with normal processing of the menstrual cycle.
8. Thyroid diseases
Hyperthyroidism occurs when the thyroid releases too many of its hormones causing hormone imbalance resulting in too much thyroid hormone in the bloodstream and over activity of the body's metabolism causing the absence of menstrual cycles.
The most common cause of hypothyroidism is Hashimoto's thyroiditis, a disease of the thyroid gland where the body's immune system attacks the gland causing failure of the pituitary gland to secrete a hormone to stimulate the production of hormones that needs to regulate the stage of the menstrual cycle.
9. Malnutrition
Drastic weigh loss may increase the risk of delay or absence of the menstrual flow. Some researchers believe it is caused by natural selection as a result of the brain reaction to stop the reductive organs due to nutritional deficiency.
10. Etc.
Symptoms
1. No menstrual flow
2. Dry vagina
3. Headache
4. Increased hair growth in a male pattern
5. Voice changes
6. Etc.
Diagnosis and tests of secondary Amenorrhea
If you are experience delay of absence of menstruation for more than 3 cycles or 6 months, it is for your benefit to see the doctors right the way.
In the doctor's office, after family and medical history are recorded, your doctor may perform a general physic exam, including the breast and pelvic exams
1. Breast and pelvic exam
The breast and pelvic exam is a routine exam for women with menstrual irregularity as your doctor wants to make sure that your incidence may be caused by presence of substance other than hormonal imbalance.
2. Urinary pregnancy test
This obvious that your doctor wants to rule out the case of pregnancy cause of absence of period.
3. Pelvic Ultrasound
Ultrasound is a medical technological machine used the sound wave to sound waves instead of radiation to generate snapshots or moving pictures of structures inside the body, including the pelvic region to rule the presence of polycystic ovaries. If you has been in the medical office for an ultrasound before, you may already know the procedure and how the test is done. After coating your skin with a lubricant for the purpose of reducing friction from your skin, an ultrasound transducer is placed on your skin, as it moves back and forth, the transducer sends sound waves into your body and picks up the echoes of the sound waves as they bounce off internal organs and tissue that will displace on the computer screen and picture will be sent back to your doctor office after reviewing by the specialist.
4. Computerized tomography (CT)
A CT scan generates a large series of two-dimensional X-ray images taken around a single axis of rotation, to create a three-dimensional picture of the inside of the body in details.The pictures are viewed by your doctor to see the extent of the tumors abnormalities in your pelvic region.
5. MRI (magnetic resonance imaging)MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) is one of many advanced technology used to visualize internal structures cross sectional imaging of your body used effectively in providing the better details of the pelvic region and the surrounding areas, including uterus, ovaries are OK.
6. Blood test
a. Thyroid function test
The test is to measure the levels of thyroid stimulating hormone to make sure that amenorrhea is not caused by TSH.
b. Follicle stimulating test
The test is to measure the levels of FSH, if your levels is higher than normal, there may be a chance that you have entered the peri-menopause with symptoms of menstrual irregularity.
c. Male hormone test
The existence of high levels of male hormone in the women blood test may be caused by polycystic ovaries, if you are experience hoax voice and male pattern growth.
d. Progestin challenge test
Progestin is a synthetic progesterone with the structure similar to the natural progesterone in the women body. The aim of the test is to make sure that the delay and absence of period is not caused by low levels of estrogen. you will require to take the medicine for 7-10 days to i8nduce bleeding.
e. Etc.
Causes of secondary amenorrhea
1. Birth Control Pills
After years of using birth control pills many women go off the pills hoping to reestablish their menstrual cycle. For whatever reason, some of them can wait months or even years for it to return. Some women may not have any periods at all because they do not ovulate right away because of the following reasons:
a. Luteinized unruptured follicle syndrome.
b. Lower level of progesterone.
c. Delayed ovulation.
2. Improper diet
Diet high in saturated and trans fat causing high levels of omega 6 fatty acid. Without intake of omega 3 fatty acid to balance it out, it causing hormone imbalance in our body. Other causes of improper diet, such as deficiency of magnesium, and zinc also cause excessive level of bad estrogen resulting in absence of menstruation.
3. Anorexia and Bulimia
Women with eating disorders are often severely malnourished causing body reactions by shutting down the reproductive system as a form of protection for the body.
4. Intensive exercises
Fat is important to maintain healthy brain cell function and regulate our body's normal functions. Women with intensive exercise causes low amounts of fat content that interfere with the function of hormone secretion resulting in a lack of menstruation.
5. Hormone imbalance
In a normal menstrual cycle, your body must secrete hormones to ensure your ovaries release only one egg as resulting of normal functions of hypothalamus, pituitary gland and ovaries. Any breakdown of the above chain will cause secondary amenorrhea.
6. Emotional stress
Emotional stress reduces endorphin and depresses the hormonal secretion in our body resulting in absence of menstruation.
7. Obesity
Excessive fat accumulation of obese women causes interfering with normal process of ovulation as we mentioned in 5.
8. Premature ovarian failure
Premature ovarian failure caused by sudden decreasing of levels of estrogen that is needed for starting a menstrual cycle which results in early menopause.
9. Polysystic ovarian syndrome
Polysytic ovarian syndrome is the most common cause of secondary amenorrhea. Women with this problem do not ovulate resulting in excessive levels of testosterone and bad estrogen.
10. Weakened liver function
Liver malfunction results in an inability of the liver to detoxify, causing excessive high levels of bad estrogen interfering with normal menstrual cycle.
11. Etc.
Symptomsm of secondary amenorrhea
1. Paller
2. Fatigue
3. Poor Health
4. Decreased sex desire
5. Breast size change
6. Dry vagina
7. Lost of vision
8. Etc.
Preventions
A. How to prevent
1. Scheduled pelvic exam and Pap smears
Scheduled pelvic exam and Pap smears are important to discover early if there is any abnormalities in your reproductive system, including ovarian cysts, tumors, etc.
2. Maintain a healthy weight
Maintaining healthy weight is always important to prevent the absence of period.
3. Reduce intake of saturated fat and trans fat
As they can cause hormone imbalance
4. Oral contraceptive pills
Some women may not have any periods at all because they do not ovulate right away because our body needs time to adjust
5. Emotional stress
Stress can increase the risk of over production of certain hormone which can affect a woman regular menstruation.
6. Etc
B. Diet
1. Whole grain
Whole grain contains high amounts of fiber that help to remove toxins from our body and indirectly strengthens liver function, which helps to maintain the levels of estrogen resulting in lowered xenoestrogen in our body.
2. Celery seed
Celery seed contains high amounts of butylidene-phthalide which helps to balance woman's natural hormones and reduce emotional stress causing irregular hormone production by cleansing toxins from the liver as well as improving reproduction of red blood cells caused by liver malfunction.
3. Soy
Soy contains high amounts of isoflavones which helps to balance your body's estrogen levels as well as binding the xenoestrogen causing breast cancer and tumors. Soy raises the levels of estrogen if it is too low and lowers levels of estrogen if it is too high.
4. Yogurt
Yogurt contains lactobacillus bacteria that helps to lower incidence of breast cancer as well as preventing the re-absorption of xenoestrogen and enhancing immune effects.
5. Legumes
Legumes and other protein rich food contains high amounts of coumestans that helps to improve metabolism of estrogen in the liver. It also helps to maintain levels of omega 3 and omega 6 fatty acids as well as cleansing the bad cholesterol in our body, improving blood flow.
6. Sesame seed
Besides containing proteins that are necessary for improving metabolism of estrogen levels in the liver, sesame seed contains lignans that helps to increase levels of phyto-estrogen and reducing the production of estrogen converting into xenoestrogen wich causes breast cancer and amenorrhea.
7. Potato
Potato contains high amounts of steroidial saponins that helps to block the over-production of estrogen by increasing levels of phyto-estrogen, the element which is necessary for normalizing menstrual cycle.
For more information about health food, please visit the world most healthy foods list
8. Etc.
C. Nutritional Supplements
1. Linoleic acid
Linoleic acid is a fatty acid. Besides playing an important role in women fertility and reducing menstrual blood flow, it also helps to stimulate the production of estrogen which helps to bring on menstrual cycle. Deficiency of lioleic acid may cause infertility and endometriosis. You can find foods with high linoleic acid in sunflower oil, olive oil, and corn oil. They should be eaten uncooked.
2. Gamma linoleic acid
Besides helping to block the production of prostaglandins caused by conversion of high level of estrogen, it also improves the liver metabolism by cleansing the excessive levels of bad estrogen resulting in a balanced level of estrogen and progesterone which are needed to bring on menstrual cycle.
3. Flax seed extract
Besides having power to balance levels of omega 3 and omega 6 fatty acids that cause hormone imbalance, flax seeds also contain high amounts of phytoestrogenic that helps to balance the level of estrogen and progesterone those are essential to bring on menstruation as well as amenorrhea.
4. Progesterone supplement
Progesterone is a hormone from a corpus luteum, formed by the cyclical rupture of an ovarian follicle. Low levels of progesterone or low levels of estrogen may cause hormone imbalance which effects the menstrual cycle as well as causing absence of menstruation.
5. Zinc
Zinc is important in reproduction health such as growth, and fertility. Zinc deficiency causes anorexia resulting in amenorrhea.
6. Iron
Iron is essential for liver production of red blood cells that helps to improve blood circulation as well as increasing oxygen levels in the bloodstream. Deficiency of iron reduces function of liver to inhibit excessive bad estrogen in our body. Women with absence of menstruation have low levels of iron.
7. L-cartitine
L-cartine is an amino acid having effects on brain chemicals and hormones that control female reproductive hormones. Study shows that women having low levels of hormone in the blood with intake of of L-cartinine helps to bring back menstruation within three to six months with 50% success rate.
8. Vitamin B6
In some women, absence of menstruation is caused by high levels of prolactin production by the pituitary gland. Consuming vitamin B6 will help to inhibit the production of prolactin as well as restoring menstruation.
9. Etc.
Treatments
A. In conventional medicine
1. Oral contraceptive pills
Low-dose combination birth control pills which contains low-dose synthetic forms of the hormones estrogen and progesterone may be use to treat amenorrhea by controlling the menstrual cycle or bring the period back.
2. Risks and side effects
a. Growth of fibroids
Growth of fibroid is caused high level of estrogen and progesterone. The intake of the pill increase the level of both hormones resulting in increase the risk of growth of fibroid.
b. Recurrent of menstrual symptoms
Some women stop taking the pill may see all the menstrual symptoms coming back.
c. Blood clots
Estrogen in the pill may cause blood clots in the small vessels in the leg and the lung.
d. Stroke and heart diseases
Study shows that women who have higher natural estrogen levels may have a higher risk of stroke and heart diseases.
e. Depression and mood swing
At the beginning, it may cause abnormal fluctuations in estrogen and progesterone elevate both physical and psychological stress, eventually resulting in both depression and mood swing
f. Bleeding and spotting
Bleeding and spotting is normal for the first six months for women who begin with any oral contraceptive combination pill treatment.
g. Lost interest in sex
Some women may experience lower sexual desire
h. Nutritional deficiency
Oral contraceptive pill causes vitamin and mineral imbalances or deficiencies.
i. Etc.
2. Thyroid disorders
Many women are experience amenorrhea as a result of thyroid normal abnormality, specially with primary amenorrhea, I would like to direct you to my previous articles
a. Hyperthyroidism in Pregnancy
b. Hypothyroidism in Pregnancy
The subjects may be difference but the treatment be either the same with more aggressive due to no existence of pregnancy.
3. Pituitary disorders
Depending to how the pituitary gland cause of amenorrhea, including Pituitary Tumors, Growth Hormone Deficiency, Hypopituitarism, Hyperpituitarism, etc., you may be given prescrided medication to block hormone action, shrink pituitary tumors, etc., or surgery. I will come back with an article of women menstrual condition - Pituitary disorders later.
4. Surgery
If diagnosis found out the cause of amenorrhea is due to structure problems or the existence of tumors, cysts, etc.,then surgery may be the best choice. please remember no matter how good your surgeon is, surgery will always leave some scars that may lead to other reproductive problems later in your life, including infertility, although the chance is very rare.
5. Etc.
B. Chinese herbs
Traditional Chinese medicine classifies amenorrhea according the deficiency or excess pattern of three main organs, kidney, spleen and liver in the women body. Here are 4 common patterns causes of amenorrhea, Kidney Deficiency, Blood and qi deficiency, Qi Stagnation and Blood Stasis and Phlegm Dampness Retention.
1. Formula for Blood and qi deficiency : Nu Ke Ba Zhen Wan (Women's Precious Pills)
The pills was first described in the Yuan Dynasty (1279-1368AD) in the text of Rui Zhu Tang Pharmacy's Formulas from Experience has been used to tonify the blood and qi for women after menstruation and to treat amenorrhea due to qi and blood deficiency
ingredients include,
a. Dang Qui (Chinese Angelica root)
Main use; Strengthens Blood, Invigorates Blood, Harmonizes Blood, Regulates Menses
b. Bai Shao (White Peony Root)
Main use; Nourishes the Blood, Pacifies the Liver, Retains the Yin
c. Shu Di Huang (Chinese Foxglove Root)
Main use; Tonifies the Blood, Tonifies the Heart, Liver & Kidneys
d. Chuan Xiong (Szechuan Lovage Root)
Main use; Invigorates the Blood, Promotes the Circulation of Qi, Expels Wind
e. Dang Shen (Codonopsis Radix)
Main use; Benefits the Qi, Nourishes Fluids, Strengthens the Lungs and Digestive Organs
f. Bai Zhu (Atractylodes Macrocephala rhizome)
Main use; Benefits the Qi, Tonifies the Spleen, Dries Dampness
g. Fu Ling (Poria Cocos)
Main use; Leeches out Dampness, Strengthens Digestion, Harmonizes the Middle Burner, Calms the Spirit.
h. Gan Cao (Licorice root)
main use; Tonifies the Spleen, Benefits the Qi, Detoxifies Fire Poisons, Moderates and Harmonizes other herbs, Improves the performance of other herbs.
2. Formula for blood deficiency: Si Wu Tang (Four Substances for Women)
According to The Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China (PPRC), compiled by the Pharmacopoeia Commission of the Ministry of Health of the People's Republic of China, is an official compendium of drugs, covering Traditional Chinese and western medicines, and giving information on the standards of purity, description, test, dosage, precaution, storage, and the strength for each drug, this formula is classified as normalize menstruation and enrich blood
Ingredients include
a. Shu Di Huang (Chinese Foxglove Root)
Main use; Tonifies the Blood, Tonifies the Heart, Liver & Kidneys
b. Bai Shao (White Peony Root)
Main use; Nourishes the Blood, Pacifies the Liver, Retains the Yin
c. Dang Qui (Chinese Angelica root)
Main use; Strengthens Blood, Invigorates Blood, Harmonizes Blood, Regulates Menses
d. Chuan Xiong (Szechuan Lovage Root)
Main use; Invigorates the Blood, Promotes the Circulation of Qi, Expels Wind.
3. Formula for Qi and blood deficiency and Cold Accumulation. Shi Chuan Da Bu Wan (Ten Flavor Teapills)
The formula was published in the "Tai Ping Imperical Grace Formulary" and Each maker of Chinese patent medicine changes the proportions of the herbs slightly.
a. Huang qi (astragalus root)
Main use; Tonifies Qi, Raises Yang, Strengthens the Defensive-Qi, Strengthens the Exterior
b. Rui Qui (Chinese cinnamon bark)
Mian use: Tonifies Fire, Benefits the Yang, Disperses Cold, Calms pain, Promotes circulation in the channels, Moves Blood.
c. Shu Di Huang (Chinese foxglove root)
Main use; Tonifies the Blood, Tonifies the Heart, Liver & Kidneys
d. Bai Shao Yao (Chinese peony root)
Main use; Nourishes the Blood, Pacifies the Liver, Retains the Yin
e. Chuan Xiong (ligusticum rhizome)
Main use; Invigorates the Blood, Promotes the Circulation of Qi, Expels Wind.
f. Dang Qui (Chinese angelica root)
Main use; Strengthens Blood, Invigorates Blood, Harmonizes Blood, Regulates Menses
g. Ren Shen (ginseng root)
Main use; Tonifies Fire, Benefits the Qi, Disperses Cold, Calms pain, Promotes circulation in the channels, Moves Blood.
h. Fu Ling (tuckahoe mushroom)
Main use; Leeches out Dampness, Strengthens Digestion, Harmonizes the Middle Burner, Calms the Spirit.
i. Bai Zhu (white atractylodes rhizome)
Main use; Benefits the Qi, Tonifies the Spleen, Dries Dampness
j. Gan Cao (Chinese liquorice root)
Main use; Tonifies the Spleen, Benefits the Qi, Detoxifies Fire Poisons, Moderates and Harmonizes other herbs, Improves the performance of other herbs.
4. Formula for Blood Stagnation; Tong Jing Wan (Calm in the Sea of Life)
a. Xiang Fu (Nutgrass)
Main use; Drains the Liver Fire, Regulates the Qi, Regulates menstruation, Calms pain.
b. Yan Hu Suo (Corydalis Repens)
Main use; Moves Blood, Moves Qi, Calms pain.
c. Bai Shao (White Peony Root)
Main use; Nourishes the Blood, Pacifies the Liver, Retains the Yin
d. Gan Jiang (Ginger Roots)
Warms the Middle, Stremgthen Yang, Warms the Lungs, Transforms Phlegm.
e. Hong Hua (Carthamus Tinctrius)
Main use: Moves Blood, Eliminates Blood stasis, Treats amenorrhea due to anemia.
f. Chuan Xiong (ligusticum rhizome)
Main use; Invigorates the Blood, Promotes the Circulation of Qi, Expels Wind.
g. Yi Mu Cao (Motherwort)
Main use; Moves Blood, Eliminates Blood accumulation, Diuretic, Resolves dampness.
5. Formula for Blood Stagnation with Cold Accumulation; Shao Fu Zhu Yu Wan (Stasis in the Palace of Blood)
a. Tao Ren (Peach Kernel)
Main use; Moves Blood, Eliminates accumulations.
b. Hong Hua (Carthamus Tinctrius)
Main use: Moves Blood, Eliminates Blood stasis, Treats amenorrhea due to anemia.
c. Dan Shen (Red Sage Root)
Main use; Moves Blood, Eliminates Blood accumulation, Cools Blood, Dissolves furuncle, Nourishes Blood.
d. Chuan Xiong (ligusticum rhizome)
Main use; Invigorates the Blood, Promotes the Circulation of Qi, Expels Wind.
e. Dang Qui (Chinese angelica root)
Main use; Strengthens Blood, Invigorates Blood, Harmonizes Blood, Regulates Menses
f. Nu Xi (achyranthes root)
Main use; Invigorates blood, Expels blood stasis, Treats dysmenorrhea, amenorrhea, Clears damp heat, Moves blood downward.
g. Zhi Qiao (Citrus Aurantium Fruit)
Main use; Moves Qi, Reduces Distension, Transforms Phlegm, Expels Focal Distention
h. Chi Shao (Red Peony Root)
Main use; Clears Heat, Cools Blood, Eliminates Blood accumulation, Calms pain
i. Jie Geng (Platycodon Root)
Main use; Stimulates the Lung dispersing and descending functions,Transforms Phlegm, Drains the pus.
j. Chai Hu (Bupleurum Root)
Main use; Regulates and Clears Heat, Drains the Liver and resolves depression and stagnation, Raises Yang Qi.
k. Shu Di Huang (Chinese foxglove root)
Main use; Tonifies the Blood, Tonifies the Heart, Liver & Kidneys
l. Gan Cao (Chinese liquorice root)
Main use; Tonifies the Spleen, Benefits the Qi, Detoxifies Fire Poisons, Moderates and Harmonizes other herbs, Improves the performance of other herbs.
6. Formula for Blood Stasis and Blood Deficiency; Tao Hong Si Wu Tang (Menstro Ease Decoction). The formula was recorded in Yi Zong Jin Jian, an official medical textbooks compiled in Qing Dyansty under the order of the Emperor Qian Long, published in 1742.Tao Hong Si Wu Tang has been helping numberless women to restore healthy menstrual cycle over thousand of years in China. In a article of "Diagnosis and treatment of female infertility" in Chinese medicine, the author wrote that the following well-known formula (Tao Hong Si Wu Tang) can be given in a patent pill form to encourage complete discharge of menses. However, if there are clinical signs of Blood stagnation, a decocted or granulated herbal preparation would be preferable to pills because they would have a more powerful action.
1. Tao Ren (Peach Kernel)
Main use; Moves Blood, Eliminates accumulations.
2. Hong Hua (Carthamus Tinctrius)
Main use: Moves Blood, Eliminates Blood stasis, Treats amenorrhea due to anemia.
3. Dan Shen (Red Sage Root)
Main use; Moves Blood, Eliminates Blood accumulation, Cools Blood, Dissolves furuncle, Nourishes Blood.
4. Dang Qui (Chinese angelica root)
Main use; Strengthens Blood, Invigorates Blood, Harmonizes Blood, Regulates Menses
5. Chi Shao (Red Peony Root)
Main use; Clears Heat, Cools Blood, Eliminates Blood accumulation, Calms pain 6. Chuan Xiong (ligusticum rhizome)
Main use; Invigorates the Blood, Promotes the Circulation of Qi, Expels Wind.
7. Etc.
C. Herbs
1.Schisandra chinesis
Schisandra chinesis is a liver tonic. It helps to bind the conversion of estrogen to xenoestrogen, the bad estrogen that causes breast cancer, tumor and hormonal irregularity as well as absence of menstruation.
2. Angelica root
Angelica root is a woman's reproductive system enhancing herb. It has been used in Chinese medicine in treating women reproductive system diseases caused by hormone irregularity. Besides helping in production of blood after menstruation, it also helps to stimulate production of certain hormones, normalizing a woman's menstrual cycle.
3. Licorice
Licorice contains flavonoids and isoflavonoids that help to regulate the balancing of estrogen and progesterone as well as improving hormonal secretion causing absence of period.
4. Astragalus
Astragalus contains high amounts of isoflavones and polysaccharides that help to regulate the levels of estrogen and progeaterone resulting in a normal menstrual cycle.
5. Ginger
Ginger is an emmenagogues besides increasing blood flow and bringing on a late period. It also has the properties to help women reset ovulation and menstruation suppressed or delayed menstruation, and promote menstrual periods.
6. Chastetree berry
Chastetree berry is said to help bring back menstruation by balancing hormones in the body caused by low levels of progesterone and reducing levels of prolactin causing absence of menstruation.
7. Red clover
Red clover is a phytoestrogen that helps to balance the levels of estrogen and progesterone, the essential hormone for starting a menstrual cycle as well as bring on menstruation.
8. Black cohosh
Black cohosh is a powerful women enhancing herb. It is an auterine tonic belonging to the emmenagogues that helps to provoke menstrual bleeding. When menstruation is delayed, black cohosh is said to get the flow going again.
9. Motherwort
Motherwort is a perennial plant native to Europe and the temperate parts of central Asia. It is a uterine tonic that helps to regulate menstruation, reduce smooth muscle cramping such as menstrual cramps, and stimulate the uterus to bring on delayed menstruation.
10. Etc.
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Type of Amenorrhea
There are 2 types of amenrrhea:
1. Primary amenorrhea
Primary amenorrhea is defined as no period by age 16 and
2. Secondary amenorrhea
Secondary amenorrhea is defined as period beginning at the appropriate age, but later stops for more than 3 cycles or 6 months.
Diagnosis and test for primary amenorrhea
Physical exams and tests will be important to rule out any visual and non visual abnormal structure, including sexual development, including pubic hair, should be evaluated for the presence of a uterus and vagina that can cause amenorrhea. Genetic testing is required also to rule out the case of genetic cause of primary amenorrhea.
1. Hypogonadotropic hypogonadism
Is defined as a condition of Hypogonadotropic hypogonadism is absent or decreased function of the female ovaries presented prior to or after the completion of puberty due to due to a problem with the pituitary or hypothalamus gland in FSH and LH production that can lead to Kallmann syndrome causing amenorrhea.
2. Hypergonadotropic hypogonadism
Hypergonadotropic hypogonadism is a condition of the elevated levels of follicle stimulating hormone FSH and LH characterize hypergonadotropic hypogonadism with low estrogen production, as a result of ovarian failure.
3. Etc.
Causes
1. Delay due to purity characteristic
Some women may just start to have breast tender at age 16 due to nutritional deficiency or genetic passing through form generation to generation causing delay of menstruation.
2. Defects of reproductive system
a) Androgen insensitivity syndrome
The person develops the appearance of a female despite having a male chromosomal pattern and gonadal production of male hormones. However, the person does not have a uterus or periods, pubic and axillary hair are scant, and testosterone levels are high in the male hormone range.
b) Turner syndrome
A common genetic condition that one of the X chromosomes is missing,resulting in absent menses and failure to develop ovaries.
c) Policystic ovarian syndrome
In some women, the uterus develops but the vagina does not, or a serum blocking the release of the menstrual blood causing pelvic pain at regular intervals similar to the expected pattern of menstrual periods.
3. Hymen problem (lack of an opening in the membrane at the entrance of the vagina)
Hymen is a membrane that surrounds or partially covers the external vaginal opening. If the membrane is too thick causing puberty, menstrual blood becomes trapped behind resulting in painful pelvis and amenorrhea if the collection of blood may become larger with each month period. Hymenotomy may also be required if the hymen is particularly thick.
4) Problem with the hypothalamus or pituitary gland
As we know, in order to start a menstrual cycle, the hypothalamus releases hormones that stimulates the pituitary gland to release follicle-stimulating hormones and luteinizing hormones. If any steps go wrong, there is no egg being produced by the follicle causing amenorrhea.
5. Obesity
Females who are obese often experience amenorrhea as a result of excess fat cells causing hormone imbalance that interfere with the process of ovulation.
6. Eating disorder
Females with anorexia nervosa or bulimia nervosa often experience amenorrhea as a result of maintaining a body weight that would be too low to sustain a menstrual cycle.
7. Imbalanced diet
Imbalanced diet causes deficiency of certain nutrients and minerals, such as magnesium deficiency resulting in imbalance of estrogen and progesterone that interferes with normal processing of the menstrual cycle.
8. Thyroid diseases
Hyperthyroidism occurs when the thyroid releases too many of its hormones causing hormone imbalance resulting in too much thyroid hormone in the bloodstream and over activity of the body's metabolism causing the absence of menstrual cycles.
The most common cause of hypothyroidism is Hashimoto's thyroiditis, a disease of the thyroid gland where the body's immune system attacks the gland causing failure of the pituitary gland to secrete a hormone to stimulate the production of hormones that needs to regulate the stage of the menstrual cycle.
9. Malnutrition
Drastic weigh loss may increase the risk of delay or absence of the menstrual flow. Some researchers believe it is caused by natural selection as a result of the brain reaction to stop the reductive organs due to nutritional deficiency.
10. Etc.
Symptoms
1. No menstrual flow
2. Dry vagina
3. Headache
4. Increased hair growth in a male pattern
5. Voice changes
6. Etc.
Diagnosis and tests of secondary Amenorrhea
If you are experience delay of absence of menstruation for more than 3 cycles or 6 months, it is for your benefit to see the doctors right the way.
In the doctor's office, after family and medical history are recorded, your doctor may perform a general physic exam, including the breast and pelvic exams
1. Breast and pelvic exam
The breast and pelvic exam is a routine exam for women with menstrual irregularity as your doctor wants to make sure that your incidence may be caused by presence of substance other than hormonal imbalance.
2. Urinary pregnancy test
This obvious that your doctor wants to rule out the case of pregnancy cause of absence of period.
3. Pelvic Ultrasound
Ultrasound is a medical technological machine used the sound wave to sound waves instead of radiation to generate snapshots or moving pictures of structures inside the body, including the pelvic region to rule the presence of polycystic ovaries. If you has been in the medical office for an ultrasound before, you may already know the procedure and how the test is done. After coating your skin with a lubricant for the purpose of reducing friction from your skin, an ultrasound transducer is placed on your skin, as it moves back and forth, the transducer sends sound waves into your body and picks up the echoes of the sound waves as they bounce off internal organs and tissue that will displace on the computer screen and picture will be sent back to your doctor office after reviewing by the specialist.
4. Computerized tomography (CT)
A CT scan generates a large series of two-dimensional X-ray images taken around a single axis of rotation, to create a three-dimensional picture of the inside of the body in details.The pictures are viewed by your doctor to see the extent of the tumors abnormalities in your pelvic region.
5. MRI (magnetic resonance imaging)MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) is one of many advanced technology used to visualize internal structures cross sectional imaging of your body used effectively in providing the better details of the pelvic region and the surrounding areas, including uterus, ovaries are OK.
6. Blood test
a. Thyroid function test
The test is to measure the levels of thyroid stimulating hormone to make sure that amenorrhea is not caused by TSH.
b. Follicle stimulating test
The test is to measure the levels of FSH, if your levels is higher than normal, there may be a chance that you have entered the peri-menopause with symptoms of menstrual irregularity.
c. Male hormone test
The existence of high levels of male hormone in the women blood test may be caused by polycystic ovaries, if you are experience hoax voice and male pattern growth.
d. Progestin challenge test
Progestin is a synthetic progesterone with the structure similar to the natural progesterone in the women body. The aim of the test is to make sure that the delay and absence of period is not caused by low levels of estrogen. you will require to take the medicine for 7-10 days to i8nduce bleeding.
e. Etc.
Causes of secondary amenorrhea
1. Birth Control Pills
After years of using birth control pills many women go off the pills hoping to reestablish their menstrual cycle. For whatever reason, some of them can wait months or even years for it to return. Some women may not have any periods at all because they do not ovulate right away because of the following reasons:
a. Luteinized unruptured follicle syndrome.
b. Lower level of progesterone.
c. Delayed ovulation.
2. Improper diet
Diet high in saturated and trans fat causing high levels of omega 6 fatty acid. Without intake of omega 3 fatty acid to balance it out, it causing hormone imbalance in our body. Other causes of improper diet, such as deficiency of magnesium, and zinc also cause excessive level of bad estrogen resulting in absence of menstruation.
3. Anorexia and Bulimia
Women with eating disorders are often severely malnourished causing body reactions by shutting down the reproductive system as a form of protection for the body.
4. Intensive exercises
Fat is important to maintain healthy brain cell function and regulate our body's normal functions. Women with intensive exercise causes low amounts of fat content that interfere with the function of hormone secretion resulting in a lack of menstruation.
5. Hormone imbalance
In a normal menstrual cycle, your body must secrete hormones to ensure your ovaries release only one egg as resulting of normal functions of hypothalamus, pituitary gland and ovaries. Any breakdown of the above chain will cause secondary amenorrhea.
6. Emotional stress
Emotional stress reduces endorphin and depresses the hormonal secretion in our body resulting in absence of menstruation.
7. Obesity
Excessive fat accumulation of obese women causes interfering with normal process of ovulation as we mentioned in 5.
8. Premature ovarian failure
Premature ovarian failure caused by sudden decreasing of levels of estrogen that is needed for starting a menstrual cycle which results in early menopause.
9. Polysystic ovarian syndrome
Polysytic ovarian syndrome is the most common cause of secondary amenorrhea. Women with this problem do not ovulate resulting in excessive levels of testosterone and bad estrogen.
10. Weakened liver function
Liver malfunction results in an inability of the liver to detoxify, causing excessive high levels of bad estrogen interfering with normal menstrual cycle.
11. Etc.
Symptomsm of secondary amenorrhea
1. Paller
2. Fatigue
3. Poor Health
4. Decreased sex desire
5. Breast size change
6. Dry vagina
7. Lost of vision
8. Etc.
Preventions
A. How to prevent
1. Scheduled pelvic exam and Pap smears
Scheduled pelvic exam and Pap smears are important to discover early if there is any abnormalities in your reproductive system, including ovarian cysts, tumors, etc.
2. Maintain a healthy weight
Maintaining healthy weight is always important to prevent the absence of period.
3. Reduce intake of saturated fat and trans fat
As they can cause hormone imbalance
4. Oral contraceptive pills
Some women may not have any periods at all because they do not ovulate right away because our body needs time to adjust
5. Emotional stress
Stress can increase the risk of over production of certain hormone which can affect a woman regular menstruation.
6. Etc
B. Diet
1. Whole grain
Whole grain contains high amounts of fiber that help to remove toxins from our body and indirectly strengthens liver function, which helps to maintain the levels of estrogen resulting in lowered xenoestrogen in our body.
2. Celery seed
Celery seed contains high amounts of butylidene-phthalide which helps to balance woman's natural hormones and reduce emotional stress causing irregular hormone production by cleansing toxins from the liver as well as improving reproduction of red blood cells caused by liver malfunction.
3. Soy
Soy contains high amounts of isoflavones which helps to balance your body's estrogen levels as well as binding the xenoestrogen causing breast cancer and tumors. Soy raises the levels of estrogen if it is too low and lowers levels of estrogen if it is too high.
4. Yogurt
Yogurt contains lactobacillus bacteria that helps to lower incidence of breast cancer as well as preventing the re-absorption of xenoestrogen and enhancing immune effects.
5. Legumes
Legumes and other protein rich food contains high amounts of coumestans that helps to improve metabolism of estrogen in the liver. It also helps to maintain levels of omega 3 and omega 6 fatty acids as well as cleansing the bad cholesterol in our body, improving blood flow.
6. Sesame seed
Besides containing proteins that are necessary for improving metabolism of estrogen levels in the liver, sesame seed contains lignans that helps to increase levels of phyto-estrogen and reducing the production of estrogen converting into xenoestrogen wich causes breast cancer and amenorrhea.
7. Potato
Potato contains high amounts of steroidial saponins that helps to block the over-production of estrogen by increasing levels of phyto-estrogen, the element which is necessary for normalizing menstrual cycle.
For more information about health food, please visit the world most healthy foods list
8. Etc.
C. Nutritional Supplements
1. Linoleic acid
Linoleic acid is a fatty acid. Besides playing an important role in women fertility and reducing menstrual blood flow, it also helps to stimulate the production of estrogen which helps to bring on menstrual cycle. Deficiency of lioleic acid may cause infertility and endometriosis. You can find foods with high linoleic acid in sunflower oil, olive oil, and corn oil. They should be eaten uncooked.
2. Gamma linoleic acid
Besides helping to block the production of prostaglandins caused by conversion of high level of estrogen, it also improves the liver metabolism by cleansing the excessive levels of bad estrogen resulting in a balanced level of estrogen and progesterone which are needed to bring on menstrual cycle.
3. Flax seed extract
Besides having power to balance levels of omega 3 and omega 6 fatty acids that cause hormone imbalance, flax seeds also contain high amounts of phytoestrogenic that helps to balance the level of estrogen and progesterone those are essential to bring on menstruation as well as amenorrhea.
4. Progesterone supplement
Progesterone is a hormone from a corpus luteum, formed by the cyclical rupture of an ovarian follicle. Low levels of progesterone or low levels of estrogen may cause hormone imbalance which effects the menstrual cycle as well as causing absence of menstruation.
5. Zinc
Zinc is important in reproduction health such as growth, and fertility. Zinc deficiency causes anorexia resulting in amenorrhea.
6. Iron
Iron is essential for liver production of red blood cells that helps to improve blood circulation as well as increasing oxygen levels in the bloodstream. Deficiency of iron reduces function of liver to inhibit excessive bad estrogen in our body. Women with absence of menstruation have low levels of iron.
7. L-cartitine
L-cartine is an amino acid having effects on brain chemicals and hormones that control female reproductive hormones. Study shows that women having low levels of hormone in the blood with intake of of L-cartinine helps to bring back menstruation within three to six months with 50% success rate.
8. Vitamin B6
In some women, absence of menstruation is caused by high levels of prolactin production by the pituitary gland. Consuming vitamin B6 will help to inhibit the production of prolactin as well as restoring menstruation.
9. Etc.
Treatments
A. In conventional medicine
1. Oral contraceptive pills
Low-dose combination birth control pills which contains low-dose synthetic forms of the hormones estrogen and progesterone may be use to treat amenorrhea by controlling the menstrual cycle or bring the period back.
2. Risks and side effects
a. Growth of fibroids
Growth of fibroid is caused high level of estrogen and progesterone. The intake of the pill increase the level of both hormones resulting in increase the risk of growth of fibroid.
b. Recurrent of menstrual symptoms
Some women stop taking the pill may see all the menstrual symptoms coming back.
c. Blood clots
Estrogen in the pill may cause blood clots in the small vessels in the leg and the lung.
d. Stroke and heart diseases
Study shows that women who have higher natural estrogen levels may have a higher risk of stroke and heart diseases.
e. Depression and mood swing
At the beginning, it may cause abnormal fluctuations in estrogen and progesterone elevate both physical and psychological stress, eventually resulting in both depression and mood swing
f. Bleeding and spotting
Bleeding and spotting is normal for the first six months for women who begin with any oral contraceptive combination pill treatment.
g. Lost interest in sex
Some women may experience lower sexual desire
h. Nutritional deficiency
Oral contraceptive pill causes vitamin and mineral imbalances or deficiencies.
i. Etc.
2. Thyroid disorders
Many women are experience amenorrhea as a result of thyroid normal abnormality, specially with primary amenorrhea, I would like to direct you to my previous articles
a. Hyperthyroidism in Pregnancy
b. Hypothyroidism in Pregnancy
The subjects may be difference but the treatment be either the same with more aggressive due to no existence of pregnancy.
3. Pituitary disorders
Depending to how the pituitary gland cause of amenorrhea, including Pituitary Tumors, Growth Hormone Deficiency, Hypopituitarism, Hyperpituitarism, etc., you may be given prescrided medication to block hormone action, shrink pituitary tumors, etc., or surgery. I will come back with an article of women menstrual condition - Pituitary disorders later.
4. Surgery
If diagnosis found out the cause of amenorrhea is due to structure problems or the existence of tumors, cysts, etc.,then surgery may be the best choice. please remember no matter how good your surgeon is, surgery will always leave some scars that may lead to other reproductive problems later in your life, including infertility, although the chance is very rare.
5. Etc.
B. Chinese herbs
Traditional Chinese medicine classifies amenorrhea according the deficiency or excess pattern of three main organs, kidney, spleen and liver in the women body. Here are 4 common patterns causes of amenorrhea, Kidney Deficiency, Blood and qi deficiency, Qi Stagnation and Blood Stasis and Phlegm Dampness Retention.
1. Formula for Blood and qi deficiency : Nu Ke Ba Zhen Wan (Women's Precious Pills)
The pills was first described in the Yuan Dynasty (1279-1368AD) in the text of Rui Zhu Tang Pharmacy's Formulas from Experience has been used to tonify the blood and qi for women after menstruation and to treat amenorrhea due to qi and blood deficiency
ingredients include,
a. Dang Qui (Chinese Angelica root)
Main use; Strengthens Blood, Invigorates Blood, Harmonizes Blood, Regulates Menses
b. Bai Shao (White Peony Root)
Main use; Nourishes the Blood, Pacifies the Liver, Retains the Yin
c. Shu Di Huang (Chinese Foxglove Root)
Main use; Tonifies the Blood, Tonifies the Heart, Liver & Kidneys
d. Chuan Xiong (Szechuan Lovage Root)
Main use; Invigorates the Blood, Promotes the Circulation of Qi, Expels Wind
e. Dang Shen (Codonopsis Radix)
Main use; Benefits the Qi, Nourishes Fluids, Strengthens the Lungs and Digestive Organs
f. Bai Zhu (Atractylodes Macrocephala rhizome)
Main use; Benefits the Qi, Tonifies the Spleen, Dries Dampness
g. Fu Ling (Poria Cocos)
Main use; Leeches out Dampness, Strengthens Digestion, Harmonizes the Middle Burner, Calms the Spirit.
h. Gan Cao (Licorice root)
main use; Tonifies the Spleen, Benefits the Qi, Detoxifies Fire Poisons, Moderates and Harmonizes other herbs, Improves the performance of other herbs.
2. Formula for blood deficiency: Si Wu Tang (Four Substances for Women)
According to The Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China (PPRC), compiled by the Pharmacopoeia Commission of the Ministry of Health of the People's Republic of China, is an official compendium of drugs, covering Traditional Chinese and western medicines, and giving information on the standards of purity, description, test, dosage, precaution, storage, and the strength for each drug, this formula is classified as normalize menstruation and enrich blood
Ingredients include
a. Shu Di Huang (Chinese Foxglove Root)
Main use; Tonifies the Blood, Tonifies the Heart, Liver & Kidneys
b. Bai Shao (White Peony Root)
Main use; Nourishes the Blood, Pacifies the Liver, Retains the Yin
c. Dang Qui (Chinese Angelica root)
Main use; Strengthens Blood, Invigorates Blood, Harmonizes Blood, Regulates Menses
d. Chuan Xiong (Szechuan Lovage Root)
Main use; Invigorates the Blood, Promotes the Circulation of Qi, Expels Wind.
3. Formula for Qi and blood deficiency and Cold Accumulation. Shi Chuan Da Bu Wan (Ten Flavor Teapills)
The formula was published in the "Tai Ping Imperical Grace Formulary" and Each maker of Chinese patent medicine changes the proportions of the herbs slightly.
a. Huang qi (astragalus root)
Main use; Tonifies Qi, Raises Yang, Strengthens the Defensive-Qi, Strengthens the Exterior
b. Rui Qui (Chinese cinnamon bark)
Mian use: Tonifies Fire, Benefits the Yang, Disperses Cold, Calms pain, Promotes circulation in the channels, Moves Blood.
c. Shu Di Huang (Chinese foxglove root)
Main use; Tonifies the Blood, Tonifies the Heart, Liver & Kidneys
d. Bai Shao Yao (Chinese peony root)
Main use; Nourishes the Blood, Pacifies the Liver, Retains the Yin
e. Chuan Xiong (ligusticum rhizome)
Main use; Invigorates the Blood, Promotes the Circulation of Qi, Expels Wind.
f. Dang Qui (Chinese angelica root)
Main use; Strengthens Blood, Invigorates Blood, Harmonizes Blood, Regulates Menses
g. Ren Shen (ginseng root)
Main use; Tonifies Fire, Benefits the Qi, Disperses Cold, Calms pain, Promotes circulation in the channels, Moves Blood.
h. Fu Ling (tuckahoe mushroom)
Main use; Leeches out Dampness, Strengthens Digestion, Harmonizes the Middle Burner, Calms the Spirit.
i. Bai Zhu (white atractylodes rhizome)
Main use; Benefits the Qi, Tonifies the Spleen, Dries Dampness
j. Gan Cao (Chinese liquorice root)
Main use; Tonifies the Spleen, Benefits the Qi, Detoxifies Fire Poisons, Moderates and Harmonizes other herbs, Improves the performance of other herbs.
4. Formula for Blood Stagnation; Tong Jing Wan (Calm in the Sea of Life)
a. Xiang Fu (Nutgrass)
Main use; Drains the Liver Fire, Regulates the Qi, Regulates menstruation, Calms pain.
b. Yan Hu Suo (Corydalis Repens)
Main use; Moves Blood, Moves Qi, Calms pain.
c. Bai Shao (White Peony Root)
Main use; Nourishes the Blood, Pacifies the Liver, Retains the Yin
d. Gan Jiang (Ginger Roots)
Warms the Middle, Stremgthen Yang, Warms the Lungs, Transforms Phlegm.
e. Hong Hua (Carthamus Tinctrius)
Main use: Moves Blood, Eliminates Blood stasis, Treats amenorrhea due to anemia.
f. Chuan Xiong (ligusticum rhizome)
Main use; Invigorates the Blood, Promotes the Circulation of Qi, Expels Wind.
g. Yi Mu Cao (Motherwort)
Main use; Moves Blood, Eliminates Blood accumulation, Diuretic, Resolves dampness.
5. Formula for Blood Stagnation with Cold Accumulation; Shao Fu Zhu Yu Wan (Stasis in the Palace of Blood)
a. Tao Ren (Peach Kernel)
Main use; Moves Blood, Eliminates accumulations.
b. Hong Hua (Carthamus Tinctrius)
Main use: Moves Blood, Eliminates Blood stasis, Treats amenorrhea due to anemia.
c. Dan Shen (Red Sage Root)
Main use; Moves Blood, Eliminates Blood accumulation, Cools Blood, Dissolves furuncle, Nourishes Blood.
d. Chuan Xiong (ligusticum rhizome)
Main use; Invigorates the Blood, Promotes the Circulation of Qi, Expels Wind.
e. Dang Qui (Chinese angelica root)
Main use; Strengthens Blood, Invigorates Blood, Harmonizes Blood, Regulates Menses
f. Nu Xi (achyranthes root)
Main use; Invigorates blood, Expels blood stasis, Treats dysmenorrhea, amenorrhea, Clears damp heat, Moves blood downward.
g. Zhi Qiao (Citrus Aurantium Fruit)
Main use; Moves Qi, Reduces Distension, Transforms Phlegm, Expels Focal Distention
h. Chi Shao (Red Peony Root)
Main use; Clears Heat, Cools Blood, Eliminates Blood accumulation, Calms pain
i. Jie Geng (Platycodon Root)
Main use; Stimulates the Lung dispersing and descending functions,Transforms Phlegm, Drains the pus.
j. Chai Hu (Bupleurum Root)
Main use; Regulates and Clears Heat, Drains the Liver and resolves depression and stagnation, Raises Yang Qi.
k. Shu Di Huang (Chinese foxglove root)
Main use; Tonifies the Blood, Tonifies the Heart, Liver & Kidneys
l. Gan Cao (Chinese liquorice root)
Main use; Tonifies the Spleen, Benefits the Qi, Detoxifies Fire Poisons, Moderates and Harmonizes other herbs, Improves the performance of other herbs.
6. Formula for Blood Stasis and Blood Deficiency; Tao Hong Si Wu Tang (Menstro Ease Decoction). The formula was recorded in Yi Zong Jin Jian, an official medical textbooks compiled in Qing Dyansty under the order of the Emperor Qian Long, published in 1742.Tao Hong Si Wu Tang has been helping numberless women to restore healthy menstrual cycle over thousand of years in China. In a article of "Diagnosis and treatment of female infertility" in Chinese medicine, the author wrote that the following well-known formula (Tao Hong Si Wu Tang) can be given in a patent pill form to encourage complete discharge of menses. However, if there are clinical signs of Blood stagnation, a decocted or granulated herbal preparation would be preferable to pills because they would have a more powerful action.
1. Tao Ren (Peach Kernel)
Main use; Moves Blood, Eliminates accumulations.
2. Hong Hua (Carthamus Tinctrius)
Main use: Moves Blood, Eliminates Blood stasis, Treats amenorrhea due to anemia.
3. Dan Shen (Red Sage Root)
Main use; Moves Blood, Eliminates Blood accumulation, Cools Blood, Dissolves furuncle, Nourishes Blood.
4. Dang Qui (Chinese angelica root)
Main use; Strengthens Blood, Invigorates Blood, Harmonizes Blood, Regulates Menses
5. Chi Shao (Red Peony Root)
Main use; Clears Heat, Cools Blood, Eliminates Blood accumulation, Calms pain 6. Chuan Xiong (ligusticum rhizome)
Main use; Invigorates the Blood, Promotes the Circulation of Qi, Expels Wind.
7. Etc.
C. Herbs
1.Schisandra chinesis
Schisandra chinesis is a liver tonic. It helps to bind the conversion of estrogen to xenoestrogen, the bad estrogen that causes breast cancer, tumor and hormonal irregularity as well as absence of menstruation.
2. Angelica root
Angelica root is a woman's reproductive system enhancing herb. It has been used in Chinese medicine in treating women reproductive system diseases caused by hormone irregularity. Besides helping in production of blood after menstruation, it also helps to stimulate production of certain hormones, normalizing a woman's menstrual cycle.
3. Licorice
Licorice contains flavonoids and isoflavonoids that help to regulate the balancing of estrogen and progesterone as well as improving hormonal secretion causing absence of period.
4. Astragalus
Astragalus contains high amounts of isoflavones and polysaccharides that help to regulate the levels of estrogen and progeaterone resulting in a normal menstrual cycle.
5. Ginger
Ginger is an emmenagogues besides increasing blood flow and bringing on a late period. It also has the properties to help women reset ovulation and menstruation suppressed or delayed menstruation, and promote menstrual periods.
6. Chastetree berry
Chastetree berry is said to help bring back menstruation by balancing hormones in the body caused by low levels of progesterone and reducing levels of prolactin causing absence of menstruation.
7. Red clover
Red clover is a phytoestrogen that helps to balance the levels of estrogen and progesterone, the essential hormone for starting a menstrual cycle as well as bring on menstruation.
8. Black cohosh
Black cohosh is a powerful women enhancing herb. It is an auterine tonic belonging to the emmenagogues that helps to provoke menstrual bleeding. When menstruation is delayed, black cohosh is said to get the flow going again.
9. Motherwort
Motherwort is a perennial plant native to Europe and the temperate parts of central Asia. It is a uterine tonic that helps to regulate menstruation, reduce smooth muscle cramping such as menstrual cramps, and stimulate the uterus to bring on delayed menstruation.
10. Etc.
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