Menstrual Conditions/Irregularities - Amenorrhea

Amenorrhea is defined as delay or absence of menstruation in a woman reproductive years. Women who have a delay or absence of period used to think that they may be pregnant, in fact, there are many reasons of amenorrhea.

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Type of Amenorrhea
There are 2 types of amenrrhea:
1. Primary amenorrhea
Primary amenorrhea is defined as no period by age 16 and
2. Secondary amenorrhea
Secondary amenorrhea is defined as period beginning at the appropriate age, but later stops for more than 3 cycles or 6 months.

Diagnosis and test for primary amenorrhea
Physical exams and tests will be important to rule out any visual and non visual abnormal structure, including sexual development, including pubic hair, should be evaluated for the presence of a uterus and vagina that can cause amenorrhea. Genetic testing is required also to rule out the case of genetic cause of primary amenorrhea.
1. Hypogonadotropic hypogonadism
Is defined as a condition of Hypogonadotropic hypogonadism is absent or decreased function of the female ovaries presented prior to or after the completion of puberty due to due to a problem with the pituitary or hypothalamus gland in FSH and LH production that can lead to Kallmann syndrome causing amenorrhea.

2. Hypergonadotropic hypogonadism
Hypergonadotropic hypogonadism is a condition of the elevated levels of follicle stimulating hormone FSH and LH characterize hypergonadotropic hypogonadism with low estrogen production, as a result of ovarian failure.

3. Etc.

Causes
1. Delay due to purity characteristic
Some women may just start to have breast tender at age 16 due to nutritional deficiency or genetic passing through form generation to generation causing delay of menstruation.

2. Defects of reproductive system
a) Androgen insensitivity syndrome
The person develops the appearance of a female despite having a male chromosomal pattern and gonadal production of male hormones. However, the person does not have a uterus or periods, pubic and axillary hair are scant, and testosterone levels are high in the male hormone range.
b) Turner syndrome
A common genetic condition that one of the X chromosomes is missing,resulting in absent menses and failure to develop ovaries.
c) Policystic ovarian syndrome
In some women, the uterus develops but the vagina does not, or a serum blocking the release of the menstrual blood causing pelvic pain at regular intervals similar to the expected pattern of menstrual periods.

3. Hymen problem (lack of an opening in the membrane at the entrance of the vagina)
Hymen is a membrane that surrounds or partially covers the external vaginal opening. If the membrane is too thick causing puberty, menstrual blood becomes trapped behind resulting in painful pelvis and amenorrhea if the collection of blood may become larger with each month period. Hymenotomy may also be required if the hymen is particularly thick.

4) Problem with the hypothalamus or pituitary gland
As we know, in order to start a menstrual cycle, the hypothalamus releases hormones that stimulates the pituitary gland to release follicle-stimulating hormones and luteinizing hormones. If any steps go wrong, there is no egg being produced by the follicle causing amenorrhea.

5. Obesity
Females who are obese often experience amenorrhea as a result of excess fat cells causing hormone imbalance that interfere with the process of ovulation.

6. Eating disorder
Females with anorexia nervosa or bulimia nervosa often experience amenorrhea as a result of maintaining a body weight that would be too low to sustain a menstrual cycle.

7. Imbalanced diet
Imbalanced diet causes deficiency of certain nutrients and minerals, such as magnesium deficiency resulting in imbalance of estrogen and progesterone that interferes with normal processing of the menstrual cycle.

8. Thyroid diseases
Hyperthyroidism occurs when the thyroid releases too many of its hormones causing hormone imbalance resulting in too much thyroid hormone in the bloodstream and over activity of the body's metabolism causing the absence of menstrual cycles.
The most common cause of hypothyroidism is Hashimoto's thyroiditis, a disease of the thyroid gland where the body's immune system attacks the gland causing failure of the pituitary gland to secrete a hormone to stimulate the production of hormones that needs to regulate the stage of the menstrual cycle.

9. Malnutrition
Drastic weigh loss may increase the risk of delay or absence of the menstrual flow. Some researchers believe it is caused by natural selection as a result of the brain reaction to stop the reductive organs due to nutritional deficiency.

10. Etc.

Symptoms
1. No menstrual flow
2. Dry vagina
3. Headache
4. Increased hair growth in a male pattern
5. Voice changes
6. Etc.

Diagnosis and tests of secondary Amenorrhea
If you are experience delay of absence of menstruation for more than 3 cycles or 6 months, it is for your benefit to see the doctors right the way.
In the doctor's office, after family and medical history are recorded, your doctor may perform a general physic exam, including the breast and pelvic exams
1. Breast and pelvic exam
The breast and pelvic exam is a routine exam for women with menstrual irregularity as your doctor wants to make sure that your incidence may be caused by presence of substance other than hormonal imbalance.

2. Urinary pregnancy test
This obvious that your doctor wants to rule out the case of pregnancy cause of absence of period.
3. Pelvic Ultrasound
Ultrasound is a medical technological machine used the sound wave to sound waves instead of radiation to generate snapshots or moving pictures of structures inside the body, including the pelvic region to rule the presence of polycystic ovaries. If you has been in the medical office for an ultrasound before, you may already know the procedure and how the test is done. After coating your skin with a lubricant for the purpose of reducing friction from your skin, an ultrasound transducer is placed on your skin, as it moves back and forth, the transducer sends sound waves into your body and picks up the echoes of the sound waves as they bounce off internal organs and tissue that will displace on the computer screen and picture will be sent back to your doctor office after reviewing by the specialist.

4. Computerized tomography (CT)
A CT scan generates a large series of two-dimensional X-ray images taken around a single axis of rotation, to create a three-dimensional picture of the inside of the body in details.The pictures are viewed by your doctor to see the extent of the tumors abnormalities in your pelvic region.

5. MRI (magnetic resonance imaging)MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) is one of many advanced technology used to visualize internal structures cross sectional imaging of your body used effectively in providing the better details of the pelvic region and the surrounding areas, including uterus, ovaries are OK.

6. Blood test
a. Thyroid function test
The test is to measure the levels of thyroid stimulating hormone to make sure that amenorrhea is not caused by TSH.
b. Follicle stimulating test
The test is to measure the levels of FSH, if your levels is higher than normal, there may be a chance that you have entered the peri-menopause with symptoms of menstrual irregularity.
c. Male hormone test
The existence of high levels of male hormone in the women blood test may be caused by polycystic ovaries, if you are experience hoax voice and male pattern growth.
d. Progestin challenge test
Progestin is a synthetic progesterone with the structure similar to the natural progesterone in the women body. The aim of the test is to make sure that the delay and absence of period is not caused by low levels of estrogen. you will require to take the medicine for 7-10 days to i8nduce bleeding.
e. Etc.

Causes of secondary amenorrhea
1. Birth Control Pills
After years of using birth control pills many women go off the pills hoping to reestablish their menstrual cycle. For whatever reason, some of them can wait months or even years for it to return. Some women may not have any periods at all because they do not ovulate right away because of the following reasons:
a. Luteinized unruptured follicle syndrome.
b. Lower level of progesterone.
c. Delayed ovulation.

2. Improper diet
Diet high in saturated and trans fat causing high levels of omega 6 fatty acid. Without intake of omega 3 fatty acid to balance it out, it causing hormone imbalance in our body. Other causes of improper diet, such as deficiency of magnesium, and zinc also cause excessive level of bad estrogen resulting in absence of menstruation.

3. Anorexia and Bulimia
Women with eating disorders are often severely malnourished causing body reactions by shutting down the reproductive system as a form of protection for the body.

4. Intensive exercises
Fat is important to maintain healthy brain cell function and regulate our body's normal functions. Women with intensive exercise causes low amounts of fat content that interfere with the function of hormone secretion resulting in a lack of menstruation.

5. Hormone imbalance
In a normal menstrual cycle, your body must secrete hormones to ensure your ovaries release only one egg as resulting of normal functions of hypothalamus, pituitary gland and ovaries. Any breakdown of the above chain will cause secondary amenorrhea.

6. Emotional stress
Emotional stress reduces endorphin and depresses the hormonal secretion in our body resulting in absence of menstruation.

7. Obesity
Excessive fat accumulation of obese women causes interfering with normal process of ovulation as we mentioned in 5.

8. Premature ovarian failure
Premature ovarian failure caused by sudden decreasing of levels of estrogen that is needed for starting a menstrual cycle which results in early menopause.

9. Polysystic ovarian syndrome
Polysytic ovarian syndrome is the most common cause of secondary amenorrhea. Women with this problem do not ovulate resulting in excessive levels of testosterone and bad estrogen.

10. Weakened liver function
Liver malfunction results in an inability of the liver to detoxify, causing excessive high levels of bad estrogen interfering with normal menstrual cycle.

11. Etc.

Symptomsm of secondary amenorrhea
1. Paller
2. Fatigue
3. Poor Health
4. Decreased sex desire
5. Breast size change
6. Dry vagina
7. Lost of vision
8. Etc.

Preventions
A. How to prevent
1. Scheduled pelvic exam and Pap smears
Scheduled pelvic exam and Pap smears are important to discover early if there is any abnormalities in your reproductive system, including ovarian cysts, tumors, etc.

2. Maintain a healthy weight
Maintaining healthy weight is always important to prevent the absence of period.

3. Reduce intake of saturated fat and trans fat
As they can cause hormone imbalance

4. Oral contraceptive pills
Some women may not have any periods at all because they do not ovulate right away because our body needs time to adjust

5. Emotional stress
Stress can increase the risk of over production of certain hormone which can affect a woman regular menstruation.

6. Etc

B. Diet
1. Whole grain
Whole grain contains high amounts of fiber that help to remove toxins from our body and indirectly strengthens liver function, which helps to maintain the levels of estrogen resulting in lowered xenoestrogen in our body.

2. Celery seed
Celery seed contains high amounts of butylidene-phthalide which helps to balance woman's natural hormones and reduce emotional stress causing irregular hormone production by cleansing toxins from the liver as well as improving reproduction of red blood cells caused by liver malfunction.

3. Soy
Soy contains high amounts of isoflavones which helps to balance your body's estrogen levels as well as binding the xenoestrogen causing breast cancer and tumors. Soy raises the levels of estrogen if it is too low and lowers levels of estrogen if it is too high.

4. Yogurt
Yogurt contains lactobacillus bacteria that helps to lower incidence of breast cancer as well as preventing the re-absorption of xenoestrogen and enhancing immune effects.

5. Legumes
Legumes and other protein rich food contains high amounts of coumestans that helps to improve metabolism of estrogen in the liver. It also helps to maintain levels of omega 3 and omega 6 fatty acids as well as cleansing the bad cholesterol in our body, improving blood flow.

6. Sesame seed
Besides containing proteins that are necessary for improving metabolism of estrogen levels in the liver, sesame seed contains lignans that helps to increase levels of phyto-estrogen and reducing the production of estrogen converting into xenoestrogen wich causes breast cancer and amenorrhea.

7. Potato
Potato contains high amounts of steroidial saponins that helps to block the over-production of estrogen by increasing levels of phyto-estrogen, the element which is necessary for normalizing menstrual cycle.
For more information about health food, please visit the world most healthy foods list

8. Etc.

C. Nutritional Supplements
1. Linoleic acid
Linoleic acid is a fatty acid. Besides playing an important role in women fertility and reducing menstrual blood flow, it also helps to stimulate the production of estrogen which helps to bring on menstrual cycle. Deficiency of lioleic acid may cause infertility and endometriosis. You can find foods with high linoleic acid in sunflower oil, olive oil, and corn oil. They should be eaten uncooked.

2. Gamma linoleic acid
Besides helping to block the production of prostaglandins caused by conversion of high level of estrogen, it also improves the liver metabolism by cleansing the excessive levels of bad estrogen resulting in a balanced level of estrogen and progesterone which are needed to bring on menstrual cycle.

3. Flax seed extract
Besides having power to balance levels of omega 3 and omega 6 fatty acids that cause hormone imbalance, flax seeds also contain high amounts of phytoestrogenic that helps to balance the level of estrogen and progesterone those are essential to bring on menstruation as well as amenorrhea.

4. Progesterone supplement
Progesterone is a hormone from a corpus luteum, formed by the cyclical rupture of an ovarian follicle. Low levels of progesterone or low levels of estrogen may cause hormone imbalance which effects the menstrual cycle as well as causing absence of menstruation.

5. Zinc
Zinc is important in reproduction health such as growth, and fertility. Zinc deficiency causes anorexia resulting in amenorrhea.

6. Iron
Iron is essential for liver production of red blood cells that helps to improve blood circulation as well as increasing oxygen levels in the bloodstream. Deficiency of iron reduces function of liver to inhibit excessive bad estrogen in our body. Women with absence of menstruation have low levels of iron.

7. L-cartitine
L-cartine is an amino acid having effects on brain chemicals and hormones that control female reproductive hormones. Study shows that women having low levels of hormone in the blood with intake of of L-cartinine helps to bring back menstruation within three to six months with 50% success rate.

8. Vitamin B6
In some women, absence of menstruation is caused by high levels of prolactin production by the pituitary gland. Consuming vitamin B6 will help to inhibit the production of prolactin as well as restoring menstruation.

9. Etc.

Treatments
A. In conventional medicine
1. Oral contraceptive pills
Low-dose combination birth control pills which contains low-dose synthetic forms of the hormones estrogen and progesterone may be use to treat amenorrhea by controlling the menstrual cycle or bring the period back.
2. Risks and side effects
a. Growth of fibroids
Growth of fibroid is caused high level of estrogen and progesterone. The intake of the pill increase the level of both hormones resulting in increase the risk of growth of fibroid.
b. Recurrent of menstrual symptoms
Some women stop taking the pill may see all the menstrual symptoms coming back.
c. Blood clots
Estrogen in the pill may cause blood clots in the small vessels in the leg and the lung.
d. Stroke and heart diseases
Study shows that women who have higher natural estrogen levels may have a higher risk of stroke and heart diseases.
e. Depression and mood swing
At the beginning, it may cause abnormal fluctuations in estrogen and progesterone elevate both physical and psychological stress, eventually resulting in both depression and mood swing
f. Bleeding and spotting
Bleeding and spotting is normal for the first six months for women who begin with any oral contraceptive combination pill treatment.
g. Lost interest in sex
Some women may experience lower sexual desire
h. Nutritional deficiency
Oral contraceptive pill causes vitamin and mineral imbalances or deficiencies.
i. Etc.

2. Thyroid disorders
Many women are experience amenorrhea as a result of thyroid normal abnormality, specially with primary amenorrhea, I would like to direct you to my previous articles
a. Hyperthyroidism in Pregnancy
b. Hypothyroidism in Pregnancy
The subjects may be difference but the treatment be either the same with more aggressive due to no existence of pregnancy.

3. Pituitary disorders
Depending to how the pituitary gland cause of amenorrhea, including Pituitary Tumors, Growth Hormone Deficiency, Hypopituitarism, Hyperpituitarism, etc., you may be given prescrided medication to block hormone action, shrink pituitary tumors, etc., or surgery. I will come back with an article of women menstrual condition - Pituitary disorders later.

4. Surgery
If diagnosis found out the cause of amenorrhea is due to structure problems or the existence of tumors, cysts, etc.,then surgery may be the best choice. please remember no matter how good your surgeon is, surgery will always leave some scars that may lead to other reproductive problems later in your life, including infertility, although the chance is very rare.

5. Etc.

B. Chinese herbs
Traditional Chinese medicine classifies amenorrhea according the deficiency or excess pattern of three main organs, kidney, spleen and liver in the women body. Here are 4 common patterns causes of amenorrhea, Kidney Deficiency, Blood and qi deficiency, Qi Stagnation and Blood Stasis and Phlegm Dampness Retention.
1. Formula for Blood and qi deficiency : Nu Ke Ba Zhen Wan (Women's Precious Pills)
The pills was first described in the Yuan Dynasty (1279-1368AD) in the text of Rui Zhu Tang Pharmacy's Formulas from Experience has been used to tonify the blood and qi for women after menstruation and to treat amenorrhea due to qi and blood deficiency
ingredients include,
a. Dang Qui (Chinese Angelica root)
Main use; Strengthens Blood, Invigorates Blood, Harmonizes Blood, Regulates Menses
b. Bai Shao (White Peony Root)
Main use; Nourishes the Blood, Pacifies the Liver, Retains the Yin
c. Shu Di Huang (Chinese Foxglove Root)
Main use; Tonifies the Blood, Tonifies the Heart, Liver & Kidneys
d. Chuan Xiong (Szechuan Lovage Root)
Main use; Invigorates the Blood, Promotes the Circulation of Qi, Expels Wind
e. Dang Shen (Codonopsis Radix)
Main use; Benefits the Qi, Nourishes Fluids, Strengthens the Lungs and Digestive Organs
f. Bai Zhu (Atractylodes Macrocephala rhizome)
Main use; Benefits the Qi, Tonifies the Spleen, Dries Dampness
g. Fu Ling (Poria Cocos)
Main use; Leeches out Dampness, Strengthens Digestion, Harmonizes the Middle Burner, Calms the Spirit.
h. Gan Cao (Licorice root)
main use; Tonifies the Spleen, Benefits the Qi, Detoxifies Fire Poisons, Moderates and Harmonizes other herbs, Improves the performance of other herbs.

2. Formula for blood deficiency: Si Wu Tang (Four Substances for Women)
According to The Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China (PPRC), compiled by the Pharmacopoeia Commission of the Ministry of Health of the People's Republic of China, is an official compendium of drugs, covering Traditional Chinese and western medicines, and giving information on the standards of purity, description, test, dosage, precaution, storage, and the strength for each drug, this formula is classified as normalize menstruation and enrich blood
Ingredients include
a. Shu Di Huang (Chinese Foxglove Root)
Main use; Tonifies the Blood, Tonifies the Heart, Liver & Kidneys
b. Bai Shao (White Peony Root)
Main use; Nourishes the Blood, Pacifies the Liver, Retains the Yin
c. Dang Qui (Chinese Angelica root)
Main use; Strengthens Blood, Invigorates Blood, Harmonizes Blood, Regulates Menses
d. Chuan Xiong (Szechuan Lovage Root)
Main use; Invigorates the Blood, Promotes the Circulation of Qi, Expels Wind.

3. Formula for Qi and blood deficiency and Cold Accumulation. Shi Chuan Da Bu Wan (Ten Flavor Teapills)
The formula was published in the "Tai Ping Imperical Grace Formulary" and Each maker of Chinese patent medicine changes the proportions of the herbs slightly.
a. Huang qi (astragalus root)
Main use; Tonifies Qi, Raises Yang, Strengthens the Defensive-Qi, Strengthens the Exterior
b. Rui Qui (Chinese cinnamon bark)
Mian use: Tonifies Fire, Benefits the Yang, Disperses Cold, Calms pain, Promotes circulation in the channels, Moves Blood.
c. Shu Di Huang (Chinese foxglove root)
Main use; Tonifies the Blood, Tonifies the Heart, Liver & Kidneys
d. Bai Shao Yao (Chinese peony root)
Main use; Nourishes the Blood, Pacifies the Liver, Retains the Yin
e. Chuan Xiong (ligusticum rhizome)
Main use; Invigorates the Blood, Promotes the Circulation of Qi, Expels Wind.
f. Dang Qui (Chinese angelica root)
Main use; Strengthens Blood, Invigorates Blood, Harmonizes Blood, Regulates Menses
g. Ren Shen (ginseng root)
Main use; Tonifies Fire, Benefits the Qi, Disperses Cold, Calms pain, Promotes circulation in the channels, Moves Blood.
h. Fu Ling (tuckahoe mushroom)
Main use; Leeches out Dampness, Strengthens Digestion, Harmonizes the Middle Burner, Calms the Spirit.
i. Bai Zhu (white atractylodes rhizome)
Main use; Benefits the Qi, Tonifies the Spleen, Dries Dampness
j. Gan Cao (Chinese liquorice root)
Main use; Tonifies the Spleen, Benefits the Qi, Detoxifies Fire Poisons, Moderates and Harmonizes other herbs, Improves the performance of other herbs.

4. Formula for Blood Stagnation; Tong Jing Wan (Calm in the Sea of Life)
a. Xiang Fu (Nutgrass)
Main use; Drains the Liver Fire, Regulates the Qi, Regulates menstruation, Calms pain.
b. Yan Hu Suo (Corydalis Repens)
Main use; Moves Blood, Moves Qi, Calms pain.
c. Bai Shao (White Peony Root)
Main use; Nourishes the Blood, Pacifies the Liver, Retains the Yin
d. Gan Jiang (Ginger Roots)
Warms the Middle, Stremgthen Yang, Warms the Lungs, Transforms Phlegm.
e. Hong Hua (Carthamus Tinctrius)
Main use: Moves Blood, Eliminates Blood stasis, Treats amenorrhea due to anemia.
f. Chuan Xiong (ligusticum rhizome)
Main use; Invigorates the Blood, Promotes the Circulation of Qi, Expels Wind.
g. Yi Mu Cao (Motherwort)
Main use; Moves Blood, Eliminates Blood accumulation, Diuretic, Resolves dampness.

5. Formula for Blood Stagnation with Cold Accumulation; Shao Fu Zhu Yu Wan (Stasis in the Palace of Blood)
a. Tao Ren (Peach Kernel)
Main use; Moves Blood, Eliminates accumulations.
b. Hong Hua (Carthamus Tinctrius)
Main use: Moves Blood, Eliminates Blood stasis, Treats amenorrhea due to anemia.
c. Dan Shen (Red Sage Root)
Main use; Moves Blood, Eliminates Blood accumulation, Cools Blood, Dissolves furuncle, Nourishes Blood.
d. Chuan Xiong (ligusticum rhizome)
Main use; Invigorates the Blood, Promotes the Circulation of Qi, Expels Wind.
e. Dang Qui (Chinese angelica root)
Main use; Strengthens Blood, Invigorates Blood, Harmonizes Blood, Regulates Menses
f. Nu Xi (achyranthes root)
Main use; Invigorates blood, Expels blood stasis, Treats dysmenorrhea, amenorrhea, Clears damp heat, Moves blood downward.
g. Zhi Qiao (Citrus Aurantium Fruit)
Main use; Moves Qi, Reduces Distension, Transforms Phlegm, Expels Focal Distention
h. Chi Shao (Red Peony Root)
Main use; Clears Heat, Cools Blood, Eliminates Blood accumulation, Calms pain
i. Jie Geng (Platycodon Root)
Main use; Stimulates the Lung dispersing and descending functions,Transforms Phlegm, Drains the pus.
j. Chai Hu (Bupleurum Root)
Main use; Regulates and Clears Heat, Drains the Liver and resolves depression and stagnation, Raises Yang Qi.
k. Shu Di Huang (Chinese foxglove root)
Main use; Tonifies the Blood, Tonifies the Heart, Liver & Kidneys
l. Gan Cao (Chinese liquorice root)
Main use; Tonifies the Spleen, Benefits the Qi, Detoxifies Fire Poisons, Moderates and Harmonizes other herbs, Improves the performance of other herbs.

6. Formula for Blood Stasis and Blood Deficiency; Tao Hong Si Wu Tang (Menstro Ease Decoction). The formula was recorded in Yi Zong Jin Jian, an official medical textbooks compiled in Qing Dyansty under the order of the Emperor Qian Long, published in 1742.Tao Hong Si Wu Tang has been helping numberless women to restore healthy menstrual cycle over thousand of years in China. In a article of "Diagnosis and treatment of female infertility" in Chinese medicine, the author wrote that the following well-known formula (Tao Hong Si Wu Tang) can be given in a patent pill form to encourage complete discharge of menses. However, if there are clinical signs of Blood stagnation, a decocted or granulated herbal preparation would be preferable to pills because they would have a more powerful action.
1. Tao Ren (Peach Kernel)
Main use; Moves Blood, Eliminates accumulations.
2. Hong Hua (Carthamus Tinctrius)
Main use: Moves Blood, Eliminates Blood stasis, Treats amenorrhea due to anemia.
3. Dan Shen (Red Sage Root)
Main use; Moves Blood, Eliminates Blood accumulation, Cools Blood, Dissolves furuncle, Nourishes Blood.
4. Dang Qui (Chinese angelica root)
Main use; Strengthens Blood, Invigorates Blood, Harmonizes Blood, Regulates Menses
5. Chi Shao (Red Peony Root)
Main use; Clears Heat, Cools Blood, Eliminates Blood accumulation, Calms pain 6. Chuan Xiong (ligusticum rhizome)
Main use; Invigorates the Blood, Promotes the Circulation of Qi, Expels Wind.

7. Etc.

C. Herbs
1.Schisandra chinesis
Schisandra chinesis is a liver tonic. It helps to bind the conversion of estrogen to xenoestrogen, the bad estrogen that causes breast cancer, tumor and hormonal irregularity as well as absence of menstruation.

2. Angelica root
Angelica root is a woman's reproductive system enhancing herb. It has been used in Chinese medicine in treating women reproductive system diseases caused by hormone irregularity. Besides helping in production of blood after menstruation, it also helps to stimulate production of certain hormones, normalizing a woman's menstrual cycle.

3. Licorice
Licorice contains flavonoids and isoflavonoids that help to regulate the balancing of estrogen and progesterone as well as improving hormonal secretion causing absence of period.

4. Astragalus
Astragalus contains high amounts of isoflavones and polysaccharides that help to regulate the levels of estrogen and progeaterone resulting in a normal menstrual cycle.

5. Ginger
Ginger is an emmenagogues besides increasing blood flow and bringing on a late period. It also has the properties to help women reset ovulation and menstruation suppressed or delayed menstruation, and promote menstrual periods.

6. Chastetree berry
Chastetree berry is said to help bring back menstruation by balancing hormones in the body caused by low levels of progesterone and reducing levels of prolactin causing absence of menstruation.

7. Red clover
Red clover is a phytoestrogen that helps to balance the levels of estrogen and progesterone, the essential hormone for starting a menstrual cycle as well as bring on menstruation.

8. Black cohosh
Black cohosh is a powerful women enhancing herb. It is an auterine tonic belonging to the emmenagogues that helps to provoke menstrual bleeding. When menstruation is delayed, black cohosh is said to get the flow going again.

9. Motherwort
Motherwort is a perennial plant native to Europe and the temperate parts of central Asia. It is a uterine tonic that helps to regulate menstruation, reduce smooth muscle cramping such as menstrual cramps, and stimulate the uterus to bring on delayed menstruation.

10. Etc.

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